What gestures reveal about how semantic distinctions develop in Dutch children's placement verbs
What gestures reveal about how semantic distinctions develop in Dutch children's placement verbs
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DOI：
10.1515/cogl.2010.009
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Narasimhan, Bhuvana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gullberg, Marianne;Narasimhan, Bhuvana
安置动词描述的是每天发生的事情，比如把玩具放进盒子里。荷兰语使用两个半强制性引起的姿势动词(Leggen‘Lay’和Zetten‘set/Stand’)来区分事件，根据所定位的物体是水平放置还是垂直放置来区分。虽然这些动词在输入中普遍存在，但即使在五岁的时候，这些动词也会给荷兰儿童带来困难(纳拉西姆汉和古尔伯格接受)。儿童将Leggen过度推广到所有的安置活动，而低估了Zetten的使用。这项研究考察了手势可以揭示荷兰三岁和五岁儿童对这类动词的语义表征。结果表明，在这一领域，儿童的手势与成人的不同。三岁的孩子只表达所引起的运动的路径，而五岁的孩子和成年人一样，也会结合被定位的物体。至关重要的是，手势模式与动词的使用有关：那些在所有放置活动中过度使用Leggen的儿童只会对Path做手势。相反，将这两个动词用于水平和垂直位置不同的儿童也会像成年人一样在手势中并入物体。我们认为，儿童的手势反映了他们目前对动词语义的了解，并表明了一个发展的转变，从一个只有一个语义成分的系统--(引起的)运动--到(像成年人一样)专注于两个语义成分--(引起的)运动和对象。
Placement verbs describe every-day events like putting a toy in a box. Dutch uses two semi-obligatory caused posture verbs (leggen 'lay' and zetten 'set/stand') to distinguish between events based on whether the located object is placed horizontally or vertically. Although prevalent in the input, these verbs cause Dutch children difficulties even at age five (Narasimhan and Gullberg, accepted). Children overextend leggen to all placement events and underextend the use of zetten. This study examines what gestures can reveal about Dutch three- and five-year-olds' semantic representations of such verbs. The results show that children gesture differently from adults in this domain. Three-year-olds express only the path of the caused motion, whereas five-year-olds, like adults, also incorporate the located object. Crucially, gesture patterns are tied to verb use: those children who over-use leggen 'lay' for all placement events only gesture about path. Conversely, children who use the two verbs differentially for horizontal and vertical placement also incorporate objects in gestures like adults. We argue that children's gestures reflect their current knowledge of verb semantics, and indicate a developmental transition from a system with a single semantic component-(caused) movement-to an (adult-like) focus on two semantic components-(caused) movement-and-object.