AGONISTIC AIDING - KINSHIP, RANK, AGE, AND SEX INFLUENCES
AGONISTIC AIDING - KINSHIP, RANK, AGE, AND SEX INFLUENCES
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.1350080105
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
EHARDT, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BERNSTEIN, IS;EHARDT, CL
一项为期两年的恒河猴群体（Macaca，mulatta）研究中收集了3，774次对抗性援助事件，分析表明亲属关系和等级关系对不同年龄性别阶层参与援助受害者和援助攻击者的影响不同。大多数援助有利于受害者，而不是侵略者，更有可能发生时，母系亲属参与。女性比男性更有可能提供援助，她们参与的频率随着年龄的增长而增加。女性比男性更受亲属关系的影响，并捍卫或积极支持亲属对任何第三方，无论支配关系。成年男性很少帮助反对动物占主导地位的自己;罕见的例外情况发生时，成年男性捍卫亲属。如果受害者尖叫，援助更有可能发生，而嘈杂的争斗事件通常涉及双方的多个援助者。援助模式有一定的潜力，以确保家庭内的优势等级遗传，按照川村假说。然而，在帮助自己母系之外的动物时，群体成员就这个模型随机提供帮助。几乎没有证据表明，援助功能，以支持个人时，他们针对动物，他们应该是基于母系统治关系的成年人占主导地位。大多数防御性援助似乎主要是为了保护侵略的受害者（主要是亲属）。另一方面，对攻击者的积极支持似乎主要是为了加强与攻击者的联盟。受害者的身份并不重要，只要它既不是亲属，也没有统治的援助者。攻击者的积极支持并没有推翻现有的优势关系。
An analysis of 3,774 episodes of agonistic aiding collected during a two‐year study of a rhesus monkey group (Macaca, mulatta) indicated the differential influence of kinship and rank relationships on the participation of different age‐sex classes in both aid to victims and aid to aggressors. Most aiding favored victims rather than aggressors and was much more likely to occur when matrilineal kin were involved. Females were more likely to aid than were males, and the frequency of their participation increased with age. Females were much more influenced by kinship than were males and defended or aggressively supported kin against any third party regardless of dominance relationships. Adult males seldom aided against animals that were dominant to themselves; the rare exceptions occurred when adult males defended kin. Aiding was far more likely to occur if the victim was squealing, and noisy agonistic episodes often involved multiple aiders on both sides. Aiding patterns had some potential to insure dominance rank inheritance within families, in accordance with the Kawamura hypothesis. In aiding animals outside of their own matrilines, however, group members aided randomly with respect to this model. There was little evidence that aiding functioned to support individuals when they targeted animals to which they should be dominant as adults based on matrilineal dominance relationships. Most defensive aiding seemed to function primarily to defend victims (primarily kin) of aggression. Aggressive support of the attacker, on the other hand, seemed to function primarily to reinforce coalitions with the attacker. The identity of the victim was unimportant as long as it was neither kin to nor dominant to the aider. Aggressive support of attackers did not overturn existing dominance relationships.