Typical fast thermalization processes in closed many-body systems.
Typical fast thermalization processes in closed many-body systems.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/ncomms10821
复制
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Reimann P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reimann P
在宏观实验的任何理论描述中，缺乏关于微观尺度上详细的多粒子运动的知识是一个关键问题。对于处于或接近热平衡的系统，统计力学提供了一个非常成功的一般框架来解决这个问题。然而，远离均衡，只有很少的定量和相对普遍的结果是已知的。在这里，我们推导出了这种类型的量子力学预测，并用文献中的各种实验和数值数据进行了验证。它定量地描述了一大类闭合多体系统(在数学上精确定义的意义上)朝着热平衡的整个时间松弛，其初始状态可能任意远离平衡。封闭宏观系统向热平衡的松弛是普遍存在的实验事实，但很难从理论上刻画。在这里，作者建立了任意典型条件下这种松弛的定量描述，并捕捉到了良好的实验数据。
The lack of knowledge about the detailed many-particle motion on the microscopic scale is a key issue in any theoretical description of a macroscopic experiment. For systems at or close to thermal equilibrium, statistical mechanics provides a very successful general framework to cope with this problem. However, far from equilibrium, only very few quantitative and comparably universal results are known. Here a quantum mechanical prediction of this type is derived and verified against various experimental and numerical data from the literature. It quantitatively describes the entire temporal relaxation towards thermal equilibrium for a large class (in a mathematically precisely defined sense) of closed many-body systems, whose initial state may be arbitrarily far from equilibrium. The relaxation of closed macroscopic systems towards thermal equilibrium is an ubiquitous experimental fact, but very difficult to characterize theoretically. Here, the author establishes a quantitative description of such relaxation under arbitrary typical conditions, capturing well experimental data.