Nitrogen fertiliser rate and post-anthesis waterlogging effects on carbohydrate and nitrogen dynamics in wheat
Nitrogen fertiliser rate and post-anthesis waterlogging effects on carbohydrate and nitrogen dynamics in wheat
复制标题
氮肥施用量和花后涝对小麦碳水化合物和氮动态的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s11104-008-9556-x
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Cao, Weixing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Dong;Fan, Xuemei;Cao, Weixing
随着全球气候变暖，涝渍灾害的强度和频率将沿着增加，并将成为许多地区农作物生产最严重的灾害之一。氮被认为是在胁迫和非胁迫条件下生长的作物的有效上调营养素。本研究旨在探讨花后淹水条件下氮肥对冬小麦地上部碳水化合物含量、氮素动态、干物质积累及产量的影响。花后涝渍使籽粒千粒重和穗粒数下降，显著降低籽粒产量。高氮肥施用加重了花后涝渍造成的产量损失。这些产量损失与干物质积累、贮藏光合产物向籽粒的再分配以及籽粒中碳水化合物向淀粉的转化能力下降有关。旗叶光合速率（Pn）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性下降是导致干物质积累量下降的主要原因，籽粒蔗糖合成酶（SS）和可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）活性下降是导致淀粉合成能力下降的主要原因。地上部总氮吸收量也减少，这可能是导致生物量和产量损失的原因。花后涝渍条件下，高氮处理旗叶净光合速率的下降与旗叶氮含量的增加不一致。
Waterlogging is predicted to increase in both magnitude and frequency along with global warming, and will become one of the most severe adversities for crop production in many regions. Nitrogen is considered to be an effective up-regulatory nutrient for crops grown under stress and non-stress conditions. In this study, we try to evaluate N fertiliser effects on contents of carbohydrate and N dynamics, dry matter accumulation in shoot, yield under post-anthesis waterlogging. Waterlogging after anthesis significantly reduced grain yield due to decrease in thousand-kernel-weight and in grain number per spike. High N fertiliser application aggravated grain yield loss due to post-anthesis waterlogging. These yield losses were related to the decreases in dry matter accumulation, redistribution of stored photosynthate to the grain, and the conversion capacity from carbohydrate to starch in grain. The decrease in dry matter accumulation could be attributed to the reduced activities of Pn (photosynthesis) and SPS (sucrose phosphate synthase) in the flag leaf, while the low capacity in starch synthesis could be explained by the reduced activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) in grain. Total N uptake in shoot was also reduced, which could contribute to the losses in biomass and yield by waterlogging. The decrease in Pn was inconsistent with the increase in N content in the flag leaf at high N fertiliser application under post-anthesis waterlogging.