Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces
Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Araújo, Janete Magali de
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Procópio, Rudi Emerson de Lima;Silva, Ingrid Reis da;Araújo, Janete Magali de
链霉菌是一种生长在各种环境中的革兰氏阳性细菌，其形状类似于丝状真菌。链霉菌的形态分化包括一层菌丝的形成，这层菌丝可以分化成孢子链。链霉菌最令人感兴趣的特性是能够产生具有生物活性的次级代谢产物，如抗真菌剂、抗病毒药、抗肿瘤剂、抗高血压剂、免疫抑制剂，特别是抗生素。大多数抗生素的生产是物种特异性的，这些次级代谢产物对于链霉菌物种很重要，以便与接触的其他微生物竞争，即使在同一种类内。尽管抗生素的发现取得了成功，其生产技术也取得了进步，但传染病仍然是全世界第二大死亡原因，细菌感染每年造成约1 700万人死亡，主要影响儿童和老年人。自我用药和过度使用抗生素是导致耐药性的另一个重要因素，减少了抗生素的寿命，从而导致不断需要研究和开发新的抗生素。(C)2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that grows in various environments, and its shape resembles filamentous fungi. The morphological differentiation of Streptomyces involves the formation of a layer of hyphae that can differentiate into a chain of spores. The most interesting property of Streptomyces is the ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, such as antifungals, antivirals, antitumorals, anti-hypertensives, immunosup-pressants, and especially antibiotics. The production of most antibiotics is species specific, and these secondary metabolites are important for Streptomyces species in order to compete with other microorganisms that come in contact, even within the same genre. Despite the success of the discovery of antibiotics, and advances in the techniques of their production, infectious diseases still remain the second leading cause of death worldwide, and bacterial infections cause approximately 17 million deaths annually, affecting mainly children and the elderly. Self-medication and overuse of antibiotics is another important factor that contributes to resistance, reducing the lifetime of the antibiotic, thus causing the constant need for research and development of new antibiotics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.