Fungicide resistance and genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea isolates from a vineyard in Germany
Fungicide resistance and genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea isolates from a vineyard in Germany
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DOI：
10.1007/bf03356266
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hahn, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kretschmer, M.;Hahn, M.
为了解葡萄灰霉病菌的遗传多样性和种群变化的可能性，2004年春、秋两季从葡萄藤植株上采集灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）209个分离物，进行了单园灰霉病菌遗传多样性分析。菌株对环酰菌胺（1.9%）、咯菌腈（0%）、多菌灵（3.4%）、嘧菌环胺（3.8%）和甲氟菌胺（0%）的抗性频率较低。两个分离株属于基因分离的耐环酰菌胺B。灰叶组I。另外两个菌株对所有测试的杀菌剂的敏感性降低，表明多药耐药机制。大多数分离株（62.7%）含有转座因子boty和flipper（转座组），而较小的群体只含有boty（23.5%）或既不含boty也不含flipper（14.4%; vacuma组）。具有不同分子标记的菌株的基因型特征揭示了高度的遗传多样性的人口，与大多数的真菌菌株是不同的单倍型。春季和秋季种群不同，但没有表现出显着差异，在其杀菌剂抗性模式或在转座和vacuma菌株的分布。总的来说，这项研究揭示了化学处理葡萄园中基因型的巨大多样性，但没有证据表明灰霉菌种群中存在大规模的杀菌剂抗性或季节性变化。
To evaluate the genetic diversity and the possibility of changes in the population of the grey mould fungus in a single vineyard, a total of 209 Botrytis cinerea isolates were collected from grapevine tissues in spring and autumn of 2004. The isolates revealed low frequencies of resistance against the fungicides fenhexamid (1.9%), fludioxonil (0%), carbendazim (3.4%), cyprodinil (3.8%) and tolylfluanid (0%). Two isolates belonged to the genetically isolated, fenhexamid-resistant B. cinerea group I. Two other isolates showed reduced sensitivities against all tested fungicides, indicating a multi-drug resistance mechanism. The majority of isolates (62.7%) harboured the transposable elements boty and flipper (transposa group), while smaller populations contained only boty (23.5%) or neither boty nor flipper (14.4%; vacuma group). Genotypic characterisation of the isolates with different molecular markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity of the population, with most of the fungal isolates being different haplotypes. Spring and autumn populations were different, but did not show significant differences in their Fungicide resistance patterns or in the distribution of transposa and vacuma isolates. Taken together, the study revealed a great diversity of genotypes in a chemically treated vineyard, but no evidence for large-scale fungicide resistance or seasonal changes in the grey mould population.