Evidence for cooperative signal triggering at the extracellular loops of the TSH receptor

Evidence for cooperative signal triggering at the extracellular loops of the TSH receptor
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TSH 受体细胞外环协同信号触发的证据

DOI:
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
The FASEB Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
G. Krause
G. Krause
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
G. Kleinau;H. Jaeschke;Sandra M. Mueller;B. Raaka;S. Neumann;R. Paschke;G. Krause

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促甲状腺激素(TSH)受体(TSHR)从基础构象转变为活性构象的机制知之甚少。考虑到每个细胞外环(ECL)中的组成性激活突变(CAM)和失活突变分别仅触发部分TSHR激活或失活,我们假设通过多个细胞外信号传播事件发生完全信号传导。因此,将胞外区中的单个CAM组合以产生双重和三重突变体。为了支持我们的假设,ECL中突变体的组合在某些情况下是相加的,而在其他情况下它们甚至是协同的,三重突变体I486A/I568V/V656F在TSH非依赖性信号传导中表现出70倍的增加。每个ECL中激活和失活突变残基的接近但可能不同的空间取向支持分别促进信号诱导和传导的双重功能。这是G蛋白偶联受体的第一份报告,表明在所有三个ECL处的多个和合作的信号传播事件是完全受体激活所必需的。我们的研究结果提供了新的见解有关的分子信号传输从胞外结构域跨膜螺旋束的糖蛋白激素受体。Kleinau,G.,Jaeschke,H.,Mueller,S.,拉卡,B。M.,Neumann,S.,帕施克河,克劳斯湾TSH受体细胞外环协同信号触发的证据。FASEB J. 22,2798 - 2808(2008)
The mechanisms governing transition of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) from basal to active conformations are poorly understood. Considering that constitutively activating mutations (CAMs) and inactivating mutations in each of the extracellular loops (ECLs) trigger only partial TSHR activation or inactivation, respectively, we hypothesized that full signaling occurs via multiple extracellular signal propagation events. Therefore, individual CAMs in the extracellular region were combined to create double and triple mutants. In support of our hypothesis, combinations of mutants in the ECLs are in some cases additive, while in others they are even synergistic, with triple mutant I486A/I568V/V656F exhibiting a 70‐fold increase in TSH‐independent signaling. The proximity but likely different spatial orientation of the residues of activating and inactivating mutations in each ECL supports a dual functionality to facilitate signal induction and conduction, respectively. This is the first report for G‐protein coupled receptors, suggesting that multiple and cooperative signal propagating events at all three ECLs are required for full receptor activation. Our findings provide new insights concerning molecular signal transmission from extracellular domains toward the transmembrane helix bundle of the glycoprotein hormone receptors.—Kleinau, G., Jaeschke, H., Mueller, S., Raaka, B. M., Neumann, S., Paschke, R., Krause, G. Evidence for cooperative signal triggering at the extracellular loops of the TSH receptor. FASEB J. 22, 2798–2808 (2008)
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