Impacts of logging and conversion of rainforest to oil palm on the functional diversity of birds in Sundaland
Impacts of logging and conversion of rainforest to oil palm on the functional diversity of birds in Sundaland
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DOI：
10.1111/ibi.12027
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Davies, Richard G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Felicity A.;Edwards, David P.;Davies, Richard G.
商业性的选择性采伐以及将原始森林和退化森林转为农业是对热带生物多样性的最大威胁。我们对这些干扰的影响以及由此产生的局部干扰对其余物种所发挥的功能作用的理解是有限的。我们通过研究功能多样性（FD）来解决这个问题，功能多样性将影响物种在群落中的生态作用的一系列特征量化为一个连续的指标。我们计算了FD的鸟类跨越梯度的干扰，从原始森林，通过密集采伐的森林，油棕种植园以前在婆罗洲，东南亚，一个热点的濒危生物多样性的林地。伐木雨林保留类似水平的FD未登录的雨林，即使经过两次采伐轮换，但转换的记录森林油棕榈油导致FD显着减少。油棕中剩下的少数几个物种填补了不成比例的广泛功能作用，但在功能性状方面几乎没有聚类，这表明油棕的任何进一步排除都会进一步减少FD。确定我们记录的变化在多大程度上是由于油棕资源利用不足或现有资源减少造成的，这是下一步的重要工作。尽管如此，我们的研究提高了我们对这些生态系统中功能多样性的稳定性和恢复力以及土地利用变化对生态系统功能的影响的理解。
Commercial selective logging and the conversion of primary and degraded forests to agriculture are the biggest threats to tropical biodiversity. Our understanding of the impacts of these disturbances and the resulting local extinctions on the functional roles performed by the remaining species is limited. We address this issue by examining functional diversity (FD), which quantifies a range of traits that affect a species' ecological role in a community as a single continuous metric. We calculated FD for birds across a gradient of disturbance from primary forest through intensively logged forest to oil palm plantations on previously forested land in Borneo, Southeast Asia, a hotspot of imperilled biodiversity. Logged rainforest retained similar levels of FD to unlogged rainforest, even after two logging rotations, but the conversion of logged forest to oil palm resulted in dramatic reductions in FD. The few remaining species in oil palm filled a disproportionately wide range of functional roles but showed very little clustering in terms of functional traits, suggesting that any further extinctions from oil palm would reduce FD even further. Determining the extent to which the changes we recorded were due to under-utilization of resources within oil palm or a reduction in the resources present is an important next step. Nonetheless our study improves our understanding of the stability and resilience of functional diversity in these ecosystems and of the implications of land-use changes for ecosystem functioning.