Financing the World Health Organisation: Global importance of extrabudgetary funds
Financing the World Health Organisation: Global importance of extrabudgetary funds
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0168-8510(95)00786-5
复制
发表时间：
1996-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
deWilde, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vaughan, JP;Mogedal, S;deWilde, K
自1948年世卫组织成立以来，本组织的经常预算一直依靠其成员国的分摊会费。然而，自1980年代初以来，卫生组织世界卫生大会的政策是经常预算实际零增长，因此不得不越来越依赖于吸引额外的自愿捐款，称为预算外资金。在1984-85年和1992-93年之间，ebf的实际价值显然增加了60%以上，在1990-91两年期预算外资金支出首次超过经常预算。除大会和执行局外，世卫组织所有规划都收到一些ebf。然而，3个共同赞助方案和6个大型经常方案约占这些ebf的70%，主要用于疾病控制、促进健康和人类生殖领域的垂直管理方案。世卫组织为援助活动收到的所有ebf中有80%是由捐助国政府提供的，其中排名前10位的国家（欧洲、北美和日本）贡献了约90%，而联合国基金和世界银行迄今仅捐赠了约6%。相比之下，经常预算支出的大约70%用于组织开支和支助保健系统领域的方案。尽管较成功的规划严重依赖ebf，但有强烈迹象表明，捐助者，特别是捐助国政府，不愿在本组织的领导和管理方面进行重大改革，就维持目前的供资水平。这对世卫组织作为联合国主要卫生专门机构的国际作用具有重大影响。
From 1948, when WHO was established, the Organisation has relied on the assessed contributions of its member states for its regular budget. However, since the early 1980s the WHO World Health Assembly has had a policy of zero real growth for the regular budget and has had to rely increasingly, therefore, on attracting additional voluntary contributions, called extrabudgetary funds (EBFs). Between 1984-85 and 1992-93 the real value of the EBFs apparently increased by more than 60% and in the 1990-91 biennium expenditure of extrabudgetary funds exceeded the regular budget for the first time. All WHO programmes, except the Assembly and the Executive Board, receive some EBFs. However, three cosponsored and six large regular programmes account for about 70% of these EBFs, mainly for vertically managed programmes in the areas of disease control, health promotion and human reproduction. Eighty percent of all EBFs received by WHO for assisted activities have been contributed by donor governments, with the top 10 countries (in Europe, North America and Japan) contributing about 90% of this total, whereas the UN funds and the World Bank have donated only about 6% of the total to date. By contrast, about 70% of the regular budget expenditure has been for organisational expenses and for the support of programmes in the area of health systems. Despite the fact that the more successful programmes are heavily reliant on EBFs, there are strong indications that donors, particularly donor governments, are reluctant to maintain the current level of funding without major reforms in the leadership and management of the Organisation. This has major implications for WHO's international role as the leading UN specialised agency for health.