Molecular phylogeny of litostome ciliates (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) with emphasis on free-living Haptorian genera
Molecular phylogeny of litostome ciliates (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) with emphasis on free-living Haptorian genera
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DOI：
10.1016/j.protis.2006.03.003
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lynn, Denis H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Struder-Kypke, Michaela C.;Wright, Andre-Denis G.;Lynn, Denis H.
使用来自自由生活的Haptoria以及来自内共生的Trichostomatia的9个新测序的和4个先前未发表的小亚基核糖体RNA（SSrRNA）基因序列测试了石口动物的单系性：前庭小袋纤毛虫Balantidium coli和Isotricha prostoma，圆毛中缢虫Mesodinium pulex，和小袋纤毛虫Loxophyflum rostratum，Dileptus sp.，Enchelyodon sp.，Enchelys polynucleata、Epispathidium papilliferum（分离株A和B）、Spathidium stammeri、Arcuospathidium muscorum、Arcuospathidium cultriforme和不常见的Teuthophrys trisulca。系统发育分析表明，该纲为单系类群，由毛口纲（Trichostomatia）和自由生活的触虫纲（Haptoria）组成。环毛目（Cyclotrichiida）的中缢虫科（Mesodinium）和多棘虫科（Myrionecta）在Litostomatea内或外基部分支。在大多数分析中，haptorians没有得到支持作为一个单系群。相反，Dileptus分支基部的所有litostome类群，和Epispathidium papilliferum分组与亚类Trichostomatia。然而，一些haptorian属的亚群对应于建议的超家族分类群（例如，Spathidida和Pleurostomatida）。在单系中，我们可以区分出三个分支：（1）澳大利亚分支;（2）内甲目;（3）前庭目。然而，小袋纤毛虫，目前被分类在前庭目，没有与其他前庭目，这表明该目的可能是并系群。(c)2006年Elsevier GmbH。All rights reserved.
The monophyly of the litostomes was tested using nine newly sequenced and four previously unpublished small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSrRNA) gene sequences from free-living Haptoria as well as from endosymbiotic Trichostomatia: the vestibuliferids Balantidium coli and Isotricha prostoma, the cyclotrichiid Mesodinium pulex, and the haptorids Loxophyflum rostratum, Dileptus sp., Enchelyodon sp., Enchelys polynucleata, Epispathidium papilliferum (isolates A and B), Spathidium stammeri, Arcuospathidium muscorum, Arcuospathidium cultriforme, and the unusual Teuthophrys trisulca. Phylogenetic analyses depicted the litostomes as a monophyletic group consisting of the trichostomes (subclass Trichostomatia) and the free-living haptorians (subclass Haptoria). The cyclotrichiids Mesodinium and Myrionecta (order Cyclotrichiida) branched either basally within or outside the Litostomatea. In most analyses, the haptorians did not receive support as a monophylletic group. Instead, Dileptus branched basally to all litostome taxa, and Epispathidium papilliferum grouped with the Subclass Trichostomatia. Some subgroupings, however, of haptorian genera corresponded to suggested superfamilial taxa (e.g., orders Spathidiida and Pleurostomatida). Within the monophyletic trichostomes, we can distinguish three clades: (1) an Australian clade; (2) the order Entodiniomorphida; and (3) the order Vestibuliferida. However, Balantidium, currently classified in the Vestibuliferida, did not group with the other vestibuliferids, suggesting that this order may be paraphylletic. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.