Water-rich magmas optimise volcanic chalcophile element outgassing fluxes

Water-rich magmas optimise volcanic chalcophile element outgassing fluxes
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富含水的岩浆优化了火山亲铜元素的释气通量

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118153
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Hogg O
Hogg O
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hogg O

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岩浆热液流体将亲铜金属以火山气体的形式输送到大气中;并到达地壳,在那里它们可能在矿床的形成中发挥作用。全球火山气体数据集显示,火山间释放出的金属的通量和组成有相当大的变异性,但对这种变异性的控制尚不清楚。岩浆氯化物是金属运输的关键配体,但岩浆水主导了金属在结晶和减压过程中分配到的溶解流体储层。在这里,我们建立了模拟减压驱动的脱气(“第一次沸腾”)和等压结晶驱动的脱气(“第二次沸腾”)的模型,以表明虽然适度浓度的氯对于金属分配到岩浆流体中是必不可少的,但岩浆含水量具有最大的潜力来控制溶解流体携带的金属的质量产率。我们的模型解释了为什么像埃特纳火山(意大利)这样富含水的岩浆火山系统向大气中输送的金属质量通量最大(每单位脱气岩浆),而像亚索尔火山(瓦努阿图)这样相对干燥的岩浆火山系统输送的金属质量通量较小。我们的研究结果确立了岩浆水在浅层地壳形成大型富金属含水流体储集层中的重要作用。
Magmatic-hydrothermal fluids transport chalcophile metals to the atmosphere as volcanic gases; and to the crust, where they may play a role in the formation of ore deposits. Global volcanic gas datasets show considerable variability in the flux and composition of metals outgassed between volcanoes, but the controls on this variability are unclear. Magmatic chloride is a key ligand for metal transport but magmatic water dominates the exsolved fluid reservoir into which metals partition during crystallisation and decompression. Here we develop models simulating decompression-driven degassing (‘first boiling’) and isobaric crystallisation-driven degassing (‘second boiling’) of magmas to show that while moderate concentrations of chlorine are essential for metal partitioning into the magmatic fluids, magmatic water contents have the greatest potential to control the mass yield of metals carried by exsolving fluids. Our models explain why water-rich magmatic-volcanic systems like Mount Etna (Italy) deliver the largest mass fluxes (per unit of degassing magma) of metals to the atmosphere, whereas relatively dry magmatic-volcanic systems like Yasur (Vanuatu) deliver the smaller mass fluxes. Our results establish the important role of magmatic water in generating large reservoirs of metal-rich aqueous fluids in the shallow crust.
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