A Thirteenth-Century Tile Kiln Site at North Grange, Meaux, Beverley, Yorkshire
A Thirteenth-Century Tile Kiln Site at North Grange, Meaux, Beverley, Yorkshire
复制标题
位于约克郡贝弗利莫城北格兰奇的十三世纪瓷砖窑址
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Eames
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Eames
他的第一个西多会的房子被建立在英格兰北部的Rievaulx和喷泉，都建立在约克郡在I 132。该组织迅速扩张，并在大约世纪后达到其权力的顶峰。在这一时期的繁荣，在中期的世纪的北方西多会的房屋采用了瓷砖铺路的形式，虽然不是特有的，他们，是罕见的其他地方。这是所谓的方便瓷砖马赛克，因为它取决于其效果的图案组成的小块特殊形状的瓷砖。这种类型的路面是已知的从西多会修道院的Byland，喷泉，莫，梅尔罗斯，Newbattle，Newbattle，Rievaulx和索利。一个计划，说明了安排瓷砖马赛克路面在南耳堂教堂的修道院在比兰德是说明PL。xx经工程部许可，在PL上复制了莫修道院遗址的一系列代表性瓷砖马赛克图案的照片。二十一.在这种类型的瓷砖马赛克中，图案主要取决于所用瓷砖的形状，并通过使用交替的颜色来强调。在大多数网站使用的颜色是绿色和黄色，但在莫修道院模式有时执行的棕色和黄色。瓷砖本身都是由红色陶器制成的，各种颜色都是通过釉料获得的。棕色是直接在瓷砖的红色陶质上涂上一层透明的铅釉，黄色是在瓷砖表面涂上一层塑料白色釉，然后再涂上一层透明的铅釉。在铅釉中加入氧化铜制成绿色釉。这从来没有混合均匀和绿色釉总是斑驳或条纹。当直接放在红色陶质上时，它会燃烧成深绿色，通常接近黑色。在施釉之前，通过在瓷砖上涂上塑料白色泥来获得浅绿色的绿色。黑色可以通过在釉中引入锰来制造，但很少使用。虽然一系列的五种颜色，因此可供选择，通常瓷砖马赛克雇用只有两个。这种路面的确切来源尚未完全确定。它被认为是在法国北方发展起来的，模仿意大利的Cosmati作品，或所谓的Opus Alexandrinum，其中几何图案在不同颜色的大理石上执行。瓷砖的优点是它的生产成本比石头低，但它的耐用性差得多。
T H E first Cistercian houses to be founded in the north of England were Rievaulx and Fountains, both established in Yorkshire in I 132. The order expanded rapidly and reached the height of its power about a century later. During this period of prosperity in the mid-thirteenth century the northern Cistercian houses employed a form of tile paving which, though not peculiar to them, is rare elsewhere. This is termed for convenience tile mosaic because it depends for its effect upon patterns composed of small pieces ofspecially-shaped tile. Pavements of this type are known from the Cistercian abbeys ofByland, Fountains, Meaux, Melrose, Newbattle, Newminster, Rievaulx and Sawley. A plan illustrating the arrangement of a tile-mosaic pavement in the south transept chapels of the abbey church at Byland is illustrated on PL. xx by kind permission of the Ministry of Works, and photographs of a representative series of tile-mosaic patterns from the site of Meaux abbey are reproduced on PL. XXI. In this type of tile mosaic, the pattern, which depended basically upon the shape of the pieces of tile used, was emphasized by the employment of alternating colours. At most sites the colours used were green and yellow, but at Meaux abbey patterns were sometimes executed in brown and yellow. The tiles themselves were all made of red earthenware and the various colours were obtained by glazes. Brown was produced by painting a clear lead glaze direct on the red earthenware body of the tile, yellow by coating the surface of the tile with a plastic white slip before glazing it with a clear lead glaze. Green glaze was made by adding copper oxide to the lead glaze. This never mixed evenly and green glaze was always mottled or streaked. When placed direct on the red earthenware body it fired to a dark green, often near black. Light green was obtained by coating the tile with a plastic white slip before applying the glaze. Black could be made by the introduction of manganese into the glaze but was rarely used. Although a range offive colours was thus available, normally tile mosaic employed only two. The exact derivation of this type of pavement has not yet been fully worked out. It has been thought that it was developed in northern France, in imitation of Italian cosmati work, or so-called opus Alexandrinum, in which geometric patterns were executed in different coloured marbles. Tile had the advantage that it could be produced more cheaply than stone, but it was far less durable.