Internationalization and varieties of capitalism: the limited effects of cross-national coordination of economic activities on the nature of business systems
Internationalization and varieties of capitalism: the limited effects of cross-national coordination of economic activities on the nature of business systems
复制标题
国际化和资本主义的多样性：经济活动的跨国协调对商业系统性质的有限影响
DOI：
10.1080/096922998347480
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
R. Whitley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Whitley
20世纪后期经济活动的日益国际化促使人们相信，一种新的跨国经济组织形式正在形成并取代现有的资本主义形式。国际竞争的加剧和跨国界管理协调的增长都被视为使目前分离的业务系统趋同。然而，这种国际化的程度并不像人们经常宣称的那样，特别是与19世纪后期相比，它将导致这种趋同的过程仍然模糊不清。由于欧洲、亚洲和美洲不同种类的资本主义经济组织在一段时间内与占主导地位的社会机构相互依赖地发展，它们因国际化而变化的方式是路径依赖的，反映了它们的历史遗产以及当前的制度联系。因此，诸如所有权关系、非所有权协调和就业政策等中央企业系统特征的质的变化不太可能迅速发生，也不可能完全由国际化造成。此外，来自不同商业体系的公司国际化的方式反映了它们不同的性质和战略，除非关键制度发生变化，否则这些性质和战略不太可能发生重大变化。如果跨国公司确实发展出不同于本国竞争者的特点，它们对其国内和东道国商业系统的影响也将同样取决于若干强有力的条件。同样，建立一个独特的、占主导地位的“全球”商业体系只有在非常有限的情况下才有可能。
The increasing internationalization of economic activities in the late twentieth century has encouraged the belief that a new form of cross-national economic organization is becoming established and replacing existing forms of capitalism. Both the intensification of international competition and growth of managerial coordination across borders are seen as generating the convergence of currently separate business systems. However, the extent of such internationalization is less than often claimed, especially when compared to the late nineteenth century, and the processes by which it will lead to such convergence remain obscure. Since the different varieties of capitalist economic organization in Europe, Asia and the Americas developed over some time interdependently with dominant societal institutions, the ways in which they change as a result of internationalization are path dependent and reflect their historical legacies as well as current institutional linkages. Qualitative changes in central business system characteristics, such as ownership relations, non-ownership coordination and employment policies, are therefore unlikely to be rapid or to result solely from internationalization. Furthermore, the ways in which firms from different business systems internationalize reflect their varied natures and strategies which are unlikely to alter greatly unless key institutions alter. If multinational firms do develop different characteristics from national competitors, their impact on their domestic and host business systems will likewise depend on a number of strong conditions. Similarly, the establishment of a distinctive and dominant 'global' business system is only likely in very restrictive circumstances.