Winter color polymorphisms identify global hot spots for evolutionary rescue from climate change
Winter color polymorphisms identify global hot spots for evolutionary rescue from climate change
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aan8097
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发表时间：
2018-03-02
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Fay, Kairsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mills, L. Scott;Bragina, Eugenia V.;Fay, Kairsten
在迅速变化的气候中维持生物多样性将取决于进化拯救的效力，即通过遗传驱动的适应性特征的变化来逆转由于环境突变而导致的种群下降。然而，由于缺乏已知的性状是直接选择下的人为气候变化限制了纳入全球保护工作的进化过程。在21种脊椎动物中，一些个体经历了季节性的颜色蜕皮，从夏季棕色到冬季白色作为对雪的伪装，而其他个体则保持棕色。全球季节性降雪持续时间正在减少，冬季白色动物在无雪背景下的适应性较低。基于2713个地理参考样本的已知的冬季毛色，从8个物种跨营养级，我们确定环境驱动的梯度在冬季毛色，包括多态区，冬季棕色和白色变形共同发生。这些多态区，现有的全球保护区网络，代表不足，表明在不断变化的气候进化救援热点。
Maintenance of biodiversity in a rapidly changing climate will depend on the efficacy of evolutionary rescue, whereby population declines due to abrupt environmental change are reversed by shifts in genetically driven adaptive traits. However, a lack of traits known to be under direct selection by anthropogenic climate change has limited the incorporation of evolutionary processes into global conservation efforts. In 21 vertebrate species, some individuals undergo a seasonal color molt from summer brown to winter white as camouflage against snow, whereas other individuals remain brown. Seasonal snow duration is decreasing globally, and fitness is lower for winter white animals on snowless backgrounds. Based on 2713 georeferenced samples of known winter coat color-from eight species across trophic levels-we identify environmentally driven clinal gradients in winter coat color, including polymorphic zones where winter brown and white morphs co-occur. These polymorphic zones, underrepresented by existing global protected area networks, indicate hot spots for evolutionary rescue in a changing climate.