γδ T cells and their potential for immunotherapy.
γδ T cells and their potential for immunotherapy.
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DOI：
10.7150/ijbs.7823
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Zhang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu YL;Ding YP;Tanaka Y;Shen LW;Wei CH;Minato N;Zhang W
Vγ9Vδ2（也称为Vγ 2 V δ2）T细胞是主要的人外周血γδ T细胞亚群，以TCR依赖性方式识别微生物（E）-4-羟基-3-甲基丁-2-烯基二磷酸和内源性异戊烯基二磷酸。识别不需要特异性辅助细胞、抗原摄取、抗原加工或MHC I类、II类或Ib类表达。该T细胞亚群在介导针对多种感染的先天免疫中起重要作用，并显示出针对人肿瘤细胞的有效和广泛的细胞毒活性。由于γδT细胞表达自然杀伤受体（如NKG 2D）和γδ T细胞受体，因此它们被认为是先天免疫和适应性免疫之间的联系。此外，活化的γδ T细胞表达高水平的抗原呈递细胞相关分子，并且可以将来自被破坏细胞的肽抗原呈递给αβ T细胞。利用γδ T细胞的这些抗微生物和抗肿瘤特性，已经进行了临床前和临床试验以开发用于感染和恶性肿瘤的新型免疫疗法。本文综述了γδ T细胞的免疫学特性，包括其识别非肽抗原的机制，并总结了迄今为止基于γδ T细胞的治疗结果。根据所报道的试验结果，γδ T细胞似乎是针对某些类型疾病的新型免疫疗法的有前途的工具。
Vγ9Vδ2 (also termed Vγ2Vδ2) T cells, a major human peripheral blood γδ T cell subset, recognize microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate and endogenous isopentenyl diphosphate in a TCR-dependent manner. The recognition does not require specific accessory cells, antigen uptake, antigen processing, or MHC class I, class II, or class Ib expression. This subset of T cells plays important roles in mediating innate immunity against a wide variety of infections and displays potent and broad cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. Because γδT cells express both natural killer receptors such as NKG2D and γδ T cell receptors, they are considered to represent a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, activated γδ T cells express a high level of antigen-presenting cell-related molecules and can present peptide antigens derived from destructed cells to αβ T cells. Utilizing these antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties of γδ T cells, preclinical and clinical trials have been conducted to develop novel immunotherapies for infections and malignancies. Here, we review the immunological properties of γδ T cells including the underlying recognition mechanism of nonpeptitde antigens and summarize the results of γδ T cell-based therapies so far performed. Based on the results of the reported trials, γδ T cells appear to be a promising tool for novel immunotherapies against certain types of diseases.
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