Some factors modulating the strength of resurgence after extinction of an instrumental behavior
Some factors modulating the strength of resurgence after extinction of an instrumental behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lmot.2012.03.003
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Bouton, Mark E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winterbauer, Neil E.;Lucke, Sara;Bouton, Mark E.
在复活中，一种经历了灭绝的操作者行为可以在另一种代替它的操作者经历灭绝时恢复(“复活”)。这一现象可能提供了对人类在激励或应急管理治疗后可能发生的复发的洞察。在老鼠身上进行的三个实验检验了几个变量对复苏效应强度的影响。在每一种情况下，按下一个控制杆(L1)首先被加强，然后被熄灭，而按下第二个可选的控制杆(L2)现在被加强。当L2反应自身消失时，L1反应重新出现。实验1发现，在广泛的L1训练(12个而不是4个训练课程)之后，以及在L1按照随机比率计划而不是在增强率上匹配的可变间隔计划进行强化之后，复苏尤其强烈。实验2发现，在L1培训的12个初始阶段后，阶段2的4个、12个或36个阶段的每个阶段都允许出现实质性的(显然等同的)复苏。实验3发现，改变增强剂的特性(从颗粒到蔗糖颗粒或蔗糖到颗粒)对返青量没有影响。结果表明，复苏可以是强大的；在自然世界中，具有广泛强化历史的操作型行为在广泛的基于激励的治疗后仍可能死灰复燃。根据目前对回潮效应的解释，对结果进行了讨论。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
In resurgence, an operant behavior that has undergone extinction can return ("resurge") when a second operant that has replaced it itself undergoes extinction. The phenomenon may provide insight into relapse that may occur after incentive or contingency management therapies in humans. Three experiments with rats examined the impact of several variables on the strength of the resurgence effect. In each, pressing one lever (L1) was first reinforced and then extinguished while pressing a second, alternative, lever (L2) was now reinforced. When L2 responding was then itself extinguished, L1 responses resurged. Experiment 1 found that resurgence was especially strong after an extensive amount of L1 training (12 as opposed to 4 training sessions) and after L1 was reinforced on a Random Ratio schedule as opposed to a variable interval schedule that was matched on reinforcement rate. Experiment 2 found that after 12 initial sessions of L1 training, 4, 12, or 36 sessions of Phase 2 each allowed substantial (and apparently equivalent) resurgence. Experiment 3 found no effect of changing the identity of the reinforcer (from grain pellet to sucrose pellet or sucrose to grain) on the amount of resurgence. The results suggest that resurgence can be robust; in the natural world, an operant behavior with an extensive reinforcement history may still resurge after extensive incentive-based therapy. The results are discussed in terms of current explanations of the resurgence effect. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.