Reduced smoking: an introduction and review of the evidence.
Reduced smoking: an introduction and review of the evidence.
复制标题
减少吸烟：证据的介绍和回顾。
DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.1s1.5.x
复制
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
J. Hughes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hughes
关于将减少吸烟日数作为治疗目标的主要问题是：（1）有多少吸烟者可以减少并保持这种减少，（2）将产生多少补偿，（3）减少吸烟是否会显著降低吸烟风险，以及（4）减少吸烟是否会促进或破坏戒烟。对不试图戒烟的吸烟者的自然主义研究表明，相当一部分吸烟者自发地减少了他们的吸烟日数，并且可以在很长一段时间内保持显著的减少（-7%至-43%）。六项对不想戒烟的吸烟者进行的实验性试验能够通过使用行为疗法和/或尼古丁替代来诱导戒烟日的大幅减少（-15%至-63%）。毒素暴露（一氧化碳）的减少幅度不大，但仍然很大（-21%至-35%）。三项长期随访的研究发现，在6-30个月内几乎没有效果损失。虽然表面有效，但没有直接的测试来证明减少吸烟是否会降低吸烟风险，这样的研究需要非常大的规模和持续很长时间。上述研究均未表明减量会降低未来尝试戒烟的可能性，而几项研究发现减量会促进未来戒烟。
The major questions about reductions in the number of cigarettes-day as a treatment goal are (1) how many smokers can reduce and maintain such reduction, (2) how much compensation will occur, (3) will reduced smoking significantly decrease the risk of smoking and (4) will reduction promote or undermine cessation. Naturalistic studies of smokers who are not trying to stop smoking indicate that a substantial minority of smokers spontaneously reduce their number of cigarettes-day and can maintain significant reductions (-7% to -43%) over long periods of time. Six experimental trials of smokers not interested in quitting were able to induce large reductions in cigarettes-day (-15% to -63%) using behavioral therapy and or nicotine replacement. Reductions in toxin exposure (carbon monoxide) were not as large but still substantial (-21% to -35%). The three studies with long-term follow-ups found little loss of effects over 6-30 months. Although face-valid, there is no direct test of whether reduced smoking will decrease smoking risks and such a study would need to be very large and last for a long time. None of the above-cited studies indicate that reduction undermines the probability of future cessation attempts and several found reduction promotes future cessation.
戒烟治疗：有进展吗？
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Shiffman,S
通讯作者：
Shiffman,S