Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution
Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution
复制标题
预设投影作为照应解析
作者：
R. Sandt
本文对预设进行了回指解释。本文认为，预设不应该被看作是指称表达，也不应该用一些非标准逻辑来解释预设。预设的概念也不应被降格为一种实用主义理论。相反，预设表达被认为是具有内在结构和语义内容的回指表达。事实上，它们与代词和其他语义上负载较少的回指的区别只是因为它们有更多的描述性内容。正是这一事实使他们能够在话语没有提供先行条件的情况下创造一个先行条件。如果考虑到它们的适应能力，它们基本上可以用处理代词解析的相同机制来处理。该理论是在话语表征理论的框架内进行阐述的。研究结果表明，语用因素对预设回指的消解有干扰作用。由此产生的解释既不能完全归类为完全语义的，也不能完全归类为完全语用的。第一节介绍了预设投射理论中存在的问题，并讨论了主要的竞争方法。第二节对预设的纯回指解释进行了论证。第三节介绍了预设表达式的编码，这是话语表征理论的一个扩展。最后一部分讨论了制约预设回指消解的制约因素。
The present paper presents an anaphoric account of presupposition. It is argued that presuppositional expressions should not be seen as referring expressions, nor is presupposition to be explicated in terms of some non-standard logic. The notion of presupposition should not be relegated to a pragmatic theory either. Instead presuppositional expressions are claimed to be anaphoric expressions which have internal structure and semantic content. In fact they only differ from pronouns and other semantically less loaded anaphors in that they have more descriptive content. It is this fact which enables them to create an antecedent in case discourse does not provide one. If their capacity to accommodate is taken into account they can be treated by basically the same mechanism which handles the resolution of pronouns. The theory is elaborated in the framework of discourse representation theory. It is shown that pragmatic factors interfere in the resolution of presuppositio nal anaphors. The resulting account can neither be classified as wholly semantic nor wholly pragmatic. Section 1 presents a survey of standing problems in the theory of presupposition projection and discusses the major competing approaches. An argumentation for a purely anaphoric account of presupposition is given in section 2. Section 3 presents a coding of presuppositional expressions in an extension of discourse representation theory. The final section is devoted to a discussion of the constraints which govern the resolution of presuppositional anaphors.