Sequence and timing of early cranial skeletal development in Xenopus laevis

Sequence and timing of early cranial skeletal development in Xenopus laevis
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非洲爪蟾早期颅骨发育的顺序和时间

DOI:
10.1002/jmor.20754
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Olsson
Olsson
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Olsson

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非洲爪蟾被广泛用作生物学研究的模式生物。幼虫软骨骨骼的形态学描述已经有半个多世纪的历史了,但对早期软骨分化和发育的综合研究却很少。正确理解X染色体上的早期颅骨发育。Laevis需要详细的描述,可以作为实验研究的基线。这一基础使得评估基因相互作用实验(例如功能获得或丧失实验)产生的骨骼缺陷成为可能。在这项研究中,我们提供了一个详细的描述模式和时间的早期软骨分化和发展的幼虫头ofX。光滑。使用的方法包括抗体染色、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和3D重建。将结果与基于经典组织学方法和清除和染色的早期研究进行比较。与迄今为止研究过的其他脊椎动物不同,第一个软骨是角舌骨。与其他两栖动物一样,鳃篮的组成部分在前后方向上弯曲。不同软骨的软骨化在不同阶段开始,大多数软骨在Ziermann和Olsson阶段17完全发育。我们的基线数据的模式和时间的早期软骨发育在X。laevisis用于评估改变头部骨骼发育的实验以及用于识别其他两栖动物头部发育的异时性变化。
Xenopus laevisis widely used as a model organism in biological research. Morphological descriptions of the larval cartilaginous skeleton are more than half a century old and comprehensive studies of early cartilage differentiation and development are missing. A proper understanding of early cranial skeletal development inX. laevisrequires a detailed description that can function as a baseline for experimental studies. This basis makes it possible to evaluate skeletal defects produced by experiments on gene interactions, such as gain‐ or loss‐of function experiments. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the pattern and timing of early cartilage differentiation and development in the larval head ofX. laevis. Methods used include antibody staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D‐reconstruction. Results were than compared to earlier studies based on classical histological approaches and clearing‐and‐staining. The first cartilage to chondrify is, in contrast to other vertebrates investigated so far, the ceratohyal. The components of the branchial basket chondrify in anterior‐to‐posterior direction as reported for other amphibians. Chondrification of different cartilages begins at different stages and the majority of cartilages are fully developed at Ziermann and Olsson stage 17. Our baseline data on the pattern and timing of early cartilaginous development inX. laevisis useful for evaluation of experiments which alter head skeletal development as well as for identifying heterochronic shifts in head development in other amphibians.
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