Experimental protocols and preparations to study respiratory long term facilitation.
Experimental protocols and preparations to study respiratory long term facilitation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2011.01.007
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发表时间：
2011-04-30
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sandhu KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mateika JH;Sandhu KS
呼吸长期易化是间歇性低氧诱导的一种神经元可塑性。长期易化的特征是在常氧期间呼吸运动输出逐渐增加，以分离低氧发作，并在间歇低氧暴露后呼吸活动持续增加长达90分钟。这种现象与膈神经、舌下神经或颈动脉窦神经吸气调节放电的增加有关。对长期促进作用的审查已经稳步进行了大约30年。在这段时间里，各种动物模型(如猫、大鼠和人)、实验准备和间歇性低氧方案被用于研究长期易化。该综述旨在总结过去30年来用于LTF研究的模型、准备和方案的优点和缺点。审查分为两个主要部分。首先，将讨论用于研究除人类以外的动物的LTF的模型和方案，然后是专门关注人类研究的一节。每一节将从讨论在选择实验准备和间歇性低氧方案来检查LTF时必须考虑的各种因素开始。随后将提出模型和方案设计建议，目标是提出一个普遍的模型和方案，最终确保跨研究的标准化比较。
Respiratory long-term facilitation is a form of neuronal plasticity that is induced following exposure to intermittent hypoxia. Long-term facilitation is characterized by a progressive increase in respiratory motor output during normoxic periods that separate hypoxic episodes and by a sustained elevation in respiratory activity for up to 90 min after exposure to intermittent hypoxia. This phenomenon is associated with increases in phrenic, hypoglossal or carotid sinus nerve inspiratory-modulated discharge. The examination of long-term facilitation has been steadily ongoing for approximately 3 decades. During this period of time a variety of animal models (e.g. cats, rats and humans), experimental preparations and intermittent hypoxia protocols have been used to study long-term facilitation. This review is designed to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the models, preparations and protocols that have been used to study LTF over the past 30 years. The review is divided into two primary sections. Initially, the models and protocols used to study LTF in animals other than humans will be discussed, followed by a section specifically focused on human studies. Each section will begin with a discussion of various factors that must be considered when selecting an experimental preparation and intermittent hypoxia protocol to examine LTF. Model and protocol design recommendations will follow, with the goal of presenting a prevailing model and protocol that will ultimately ensure standardized comparisons across studies.