The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a non-equilibrium colloidal system
The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a non-equilibrium colloidal system
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DOI：
10.1088/0953-8984/18/10/008
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发表时间：
2006-03-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sasa, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayashi, K;Sasa, S
我们研究了一个包含两个“测试”粒子和多个“背景”粒子的非平衡朗之万多体系统。测试粒子在空间上受到简谐势的限制，背景粒子受到外部驱动力的驱动。通过对模型的数值模拟，我们得到了两个实验粒子在非平衡稳态下的有效描述。特别是，我们研究了作用在测试粒子之间的有效力的几种不同的定义。我们发现，作用和反应定律不适用于背景粒子施加的总机械力，但它适用于根据热力学第一定律推广到非平衡稳态的思想而在操作上定义的热力学作用力。
We study a non-equilibrium Langevin many-body system containing two 'test' particles and many 'background' particles. The test particles are spatially confined by a harmonic potential, and the background particles are driven by an external driving force. Using numerical simulations of the model, we formulate an effective description of the two test particles in a non-equilibrium steady state. In particular, we investigate several different definitions of the effective force acting between the test particles. We find that the law of action and reaction does not hold for the total mechanical force exerted by the background particles, but that it does hold for the thermodynamic force defined operationally on the basis of an idea used to extend the first law of thermodynamics to non-equilibrium steady states.