Mate attraction, chemical defense, and competition avoidance in the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina pacifica
Mate attraction, chemical defense, and competition avoidance in the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina pacifica
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DOI：
10.1007/s00049-020-00331-3
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发表时间：
2020-11-12
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Stoekl, Johannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boettinger, Lea C.;Hueftlein, Frederic;Stoekl, Johannes
化学信号进化的一个主要假设是，信息素来自非交流前体化合物。然而，支持这一假设的数据很少，主要是因为先行化合物的原始功能往往已经丢失。然而，一个值得注意的例外是寄生蜂种Leptopilina heterotoma，其化合物（-）-iridomyrmecin被用作防御分泌物，提示雌性避免与异性和异性特异性雌性竞争，并作为雌性性信息素的主要成分。为了更好地了解防御性化合物的性信息素的进化，我们研究了L。pacifica是L.异型瘤在这里，我们表明，L。Pacifica还产生防御性分泌物，其含有主要为环烯醚萜化合物的物种特异性混合物。然而，分泌物的组成比L. Iridomyrmecin仅是一种次要组分。此外，与L.雌虫不回避同种雌虫的竞争者，环烯醚萜类化合物在雌虫性信息素中的作用。pacifica可以被排除在外，因为只有雌性的表皮碳氢化合物（CHCs）才能引起雄性的求爱。虽然关系密切，但这两个姐妹物种在使用防御性分泌物进行交流方面存在很大差异。在这属信息素使用的变化仍然提出了一个难题，突出需要进一步的研究，以了解选择性的力量塑造信息素组合物的演变。
A major hypothesis for the evolution of chemical signals is that pheromones arise from non-communicative precursor compounds. However, data supporting this hypothesis are rare, primarily because the original functions of the antecedent compounds often have been lost. A notable exception, however, is the parasitoid wasp species Leptopilina heterotoma, whose compound (-)-iridomyrmecin is used as a defensive secretion, a cue for females to avoid competition with con- and hetero-specific females, and as the primary component of the females' sex pheromone. To better understand the evolution of sex pheromones from defensive compounds, we examined the chemical ecology of L. pacifica, the sister species of L. heterotoma. Here, we show that L. pacifica also produces a defensive secretion containing a species-specific mixture of mostly iridoid compounds. However, the composition of the secretion is more complex than in L. heterotoma, and iridomyrmecin is only a minor component. Moreover, in contrast to L. heterotoma, conspecific female competitors were not avoided by female subjects, and a role of the iridoids in the female sex pheromone of L. pacifica can be excluded, as only the females' cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) resulted in the elicitation of courtship by males. Although closely related, the two sister species show substantial differences in the use of the defensive secretion for communicative purposes. Variation in pheromone usage in this genus still presents a conundrum, highlighting the need for additional studies to understand the selective forces shaping the evolution of pheromone composition.