Measuring marine fish biodiversity: temporal changes in abundance, life history and demography
Measuring marine fish biodiversity: temporal changes in abundance, life history and demography
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2004.1586
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发表时间：
2005-02-28
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Baum, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutchings, JA;Baum, JK
海洋鱼类生物多样性的模式可以通过量化种群变化率、丰度、生活史和伴随丰度长期减少的人口统计学的时间变化来评估。根据4个北温带海洋区域（东北大西洋和太平洋、西北大西洋、中北大西洋）177个种群（62种）的数据，1992年之前呈下降趋势的种群中，有81%的种群在1992年之后的损失率有所下降；1992年后种群数量下降速度加快的主要是大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）、比目鱼（Solea Solea）和远洋鲨鱼等顶级捕食者。综合各区域和物种的种群数据，自1978年以来，海鱼数量下降了35%，目前不到有记录以来最高数量的70%；底栖物种的数量一般处于历史低点，远洋物种的数量一般稳定或增加。底栖物种的减少与远洋物种的大量增加有关，这种模式与后者的增加可能归因于捕食死亡率降低的假设相一致。有必要确定随种群数量下降而发生的产卵者成熟年龄（21%）和大小（13%）以及平均年龄（5%）和大小（18%）下降对种群增长的影响。我们的结论是，在缺乏种群增长目标的情况下，种群下降速度的降低将不足以实现海洋鱼类生物多样性的恢复，在解释多物种丰富的模式时必须非常小心。至关重要的是，需要解释在海鱼恢复和生物多样性模式中普遍存在的地理、特定物种和生境偏见。
Patterns in marine fish biodiversity can be assessed by quantifying temporal variation in rate of population change, abundance, life history and demography concomitant with long-term reductions in abundance. Based on data for 177 populations (62 species) from four north-temperate oceanic regions (Northeast Atlantic and Pacific, Northwest Atlantic, North mid-Atlantic), 81% of the populations in decline prior to 1992 experienced reductions in their rate of loss thereafter; species whose rate of population decline accelerated after 1992 were predominantly top predators such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sole (Solea solea) and pelagic sharks. Combining population data across regions and species, marine fish have declined 35% since 1978 and are currently less than 70% of recorded maxima; demersal species are generally at historic lows, pelagic species are generally stable or increasing in abundance. Declines by demersal species have been associated with substantive increases in pelagic species, a pattern consistent with the hypothesis that increases in the latter may be attributable to reduced predation mortality. There is a need to determine the consequences to population growth effected by the reductions in age (21%) and size (13%) at maturity and in mean age (5%) and size (18%) of spawners, concomitant with population decline. We conclude that reductions in the rate of population decline, in the absence of targets for population increase, will be insufficient to effect a recovery of marine fish biodiversity, and that great care must be exercised when interpreting multi-species patterns in abundance. Of fundamental importance is the need to explain the geographical, species-specific and habitat biases that pervade patterns of marine fish recovery and biodiversity.