Predictors of College Student Suicidal Ideation: Gender Differences.
Predictors of College Student Suicidal Ideation: Gender Differences.
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大学生自杀意念的预测因素：性别差异。
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发表时间：
2006
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Quirk
中科院分区：
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作者：
H. Stephenson;Judith B. Pena;P. Quirk
有必要识别有自杀风险的学生。在一项对630名学生进行的大学健康调查中，对男性和女性的自杀预测因素进行了单独检查。在前一年，女性报告的自杀意念水平高于男性。对男性和女性的单独回归分析解释了自杀意念的显著差异，男性占25%，女性占26%。男性和女性在前一年都有相同的抑郁和绝望频率，作为自杀意念的预测因素，但性别特定的预测因素也出现了。最近长期饮酒和性侵报告是女性自杀意念的重要预测因素，而被身体攻击的报告唯一被报告为男性自杀意念的预测因素。在整个样本中，打架的报告与自杀意念显著相关。根据最近饮酒和前一年的抑郁，对整个样本的自杀未遂报告进行了预测。未来的研究应该集中在大学生自杀的性别预测因素上。治疗师对自杀的评估应该受到特定性别的风险以及共同的风险因素(如绝望)的驱动。自杀，尤其是大学生自杀，一直是广泛的实证研究的主题(莱斯特，1994)。大学生的自杀率约为每年每10万人中有7.5人自杀，但年龄较大的学生和男性的自杀率更高(Silverman，Meyer，Sloan Raffel，&Pratt，1997)。自杀预防计划是大学咨询和健康中心的重要职能。大学范围内的有效自杀筛查计划在许多机构都已到位，目前的一项法案(加勒特·李·史密斯纪念法，2004年)专门为满足这一需求提供了资金。更好地了解大学生自杀的危险因素和预测因素，有助于最大限度地发挥这些资源的作用。总的来说，虽然大学生群体的自杀率低于他们的非大学同龄人，但许多自杀预测因素是相同的(Silverman等人，1997)。FURR(2001)指出，抑郁、无助和绝望是有自杀念头的学生引用的常见问题。孤独感也被发现，可能是学生群体中更特殊的一个问题。此外，关系问题、学业问题和金钱问题也与学生自杀倾向的增加有关(Meilman，Patis，&Krause-Zeilman，1994)。与物质相关的习惯也与自杀意念有关，人们发现，药物消费和酒精使用的增加会增加自杀，因为它们加剧了抑郁状态，增加了冲动行为的可能性(Brener，Barrios，&Hsaan，1999)。例如，长期使用大麻会增加自杀率(博瓦索，2001)。在青少年样本中，自杀也与各种相关的行为风险因素有关，如携带武器和攻击行为(Cogshire，&Kingery，1999)。自杀也与身体和性领域的受害有关(例如，Kernic，Wood，&Holt，2000)。与直觉相反的是，据报道，报告发起攻击的学生比那些没有发起攻击的学生或那些成为攻击受害者的学生更有可能经历更高水平的自杀意念(Evans，Marte，Betts，&Silliman，2001)。自杀中的性别差异已被广泛报道(例如Cutright&Fernquist，2003；Rudmin，Ferrada-Noli和Skolbekken，2003)。例如，Cleary(2000)报告说，青春期女性的自杀意念水平高于男性。尽管一些研究考察了总体学生中的自杀意念，但很少有专门研究男性和女性学生的预测变量的相对贡献。…
There is a need to identify students at risk for suicide. Predictors of suicidality were examined separately for men and women in a college health survey of 630 students. Women reported higher levels of suicidal ideation than men in the previous year. Separate regression analyses for men and women accounted for significant amounts of the variance in suicidal ideation, 25% for men and 26% for women. Both men and women shared frequency of depression and hopelessness in the previous year as predictors of suicidal ideation but gender specific predictors also emerged. Chronic recent alcohol consumption and reports of sexual assault were important predictors of suicidal ideation for women, while reports of having been physically assaulted were uniquely reported as predictors of suicidal ideation for men. Reports of being in a fight were significantly associated with suicidal ideation for the entire sample. Reports of prior suicide attempts were predicted for the whole sample by recent alcohol use and depression in the previous year. Future research should focus on gender specific predictors of college student suicide. Therapist assessments of suicidality should be driven by gender specific risks as well as by shared risk factors such as hopelessness. Introduction Suicide and college student suicide in particular, have been the subject of extensive empirical research (Lester, 1994). Suicide rates for college students are about 7.5 per 100, 000 per year but older students and males are at greater risk (Silverman, Meyer, Sloan Raffel, & Pratt, 1997). Suicide prevention programs are an important function of college counseling and health centers. College wide programs for effective suicide screening are in place in many institutions and a current bill (Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act, 2004) provides funding specifically to address this need. A better understanding of risk factors and predictors of college student suicide will help direct these resources to the greatest effect. In general, while the suicide rates of college student populations are lower than those of their non-college peers, many of the predictors of suicide are the same (Silverman et al., 1997). Furr (2001) identified depression, helplessness, and hopelessness as common problems cited by students with suicidal ideation. Loneliness was also identified and may be a problem more particular to student populations. In addition, relationship problems, academic problems, and money problems have been associated with increased suicidality for students (Meilman, Patis, & Krause-Zeilman, 1994). Substance related habits have also been connected with suicidal ideation, and increased drug consumption and alcohol use have been found to increase suicidality as they exacerbate depressive states and increase the likelihood of impulsive behavior (Brener, Barrios, & Hassaan, 1999). Long term cannabis use, for instance, has been associated with increased suicidality (Bovasso, 2001). In youth samples, suicidality has also been associated with a variety of related behavioral risk factors such as weapon carrying and aggressive behaviors (Cogshall, & Kingery, 1999). Suicide has also been associated with victimization in physical and sexual domains (e.g. Kernic, Wood, & Holt, 2000). Counterintuitively, it has also been reported that students who reported initiating assault were more likely to experience higher levels of suicidal ideation than those who did not, or those who were victims of assault (Evans, Marte, Betts, & Silliman, 2001). Gender differences in suicide have been extensively reported (e.g. Cutright& Fernquist, 2003; Rudmin, Ferrada-Noli, & Skolbekken, 2003). Cleary (2000), for example, reported higher levels of suicidal ideation in adolescent females than males. Though some studies examine suicidal ideation in students as a population, few specifically examine the relative contribution of predictor variables separately for male and female students. …