Trufflehunter: Cache Snooping Rare Domains at Large Public DNS Resolvers

Trufflehunter: Cache Snooping Rare Domains at Large Public DNS Resolvers
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Trufflehunter:在大型公共 DNS 解析器中缓存监听稀有域名

DOI:
10.1145/3419394.3423640
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference (IMC'20
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通讯作者:
Schulman, Aaron
Schulman, Aaron
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Randall, Audrey;Liu, Enze;Akiwate, Gautam;Padmanabhan, Ramakrishna;Voelker, Geoffrey M.;Savage, Stefan;Schulman, Aaron

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本文介绍并评估了 Trufflehunter,这是一种 DNS 缓存监听工具,用于估计罕见且敏感的互联网应用程序的流行程度。与之前专注于小型、配置错误的开放 DNS 解析器的工作不同,Trufflehunter 对大型多层分布式缓存基础设施(例如 Google 公共 DNS)的复杂行为进行建模。特别是,通过对照实验,我们推断出了四种最流行的公共 DNS 解析器(Google Public DNS、Cloudflare Quad1、OpenDNS 和 Quad9)的缓存策略。此类解析器的巨大占用空间提供了观察罕见域使用情况的机会,同时保护访问它们的用户的隐私。使用受控测试台,我们评估了 Trufflehunter 估算美国各地域名使用情况的准确度。通过在野外应用该技术,我们提供了对几种罕见且敏感应用程序(最显着的是智能手机跟踪软件)的流行度的下限估计,否则这些应用程序很难进行调查。
This paper presents and evaluates Trufflehunter, a DNS cache snooping tool for estimating the prevalence of rare and sensitive Internet applications. Unlike previous efforts that have focused on small, misconfigured open DNS resolvers, Trufflehunter models the complex behavior of large multi-layer distributed caching infrastructures (e.g., such as Google Public DNS). In particular, using controlled experiments, we have inferred the caching strategies of the four most popular public DNS resolvers (Google Public DNS, Cloudflare Quad1, OpenDNS and Quad9). The large footprint of such resolvers presents an opportunity to observe rare domain usage, while preserving the privacy of the users accessing them. Using a controlled testbed, we evaluate how accurately Trufflehunter can estimate domain name usage across the U.S. Applying this technique in the wild, we provide a lower-bound estimate of the popularity of several rare and sensitive applications (most notably smartphone stalkerware) which are otherwise challenging to survey.
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