Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation
Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10709-009-9388-5
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Schneider, Jutta M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uhl, Gabriele;Nessler, Stefan H.;Schneider, Jutta M.
雌性交配频率低通常是男性直接诱导的情况，这可能会反对雌性的兴趣。交配塞是导致雌性低程度多次交配的最明显手段。在蜘蛛中，交配塞是由各种各样的无定形材料形成的，或者是由雄性精子转移器官的断裂形成的，或者是由整个雄性作为交配屏障形成的。我们对各种类型的交配插头存在的现有信息进行了汇编，表明插头主要发生在完整蜘蛛中。在这一组中，由于存在用于授精和产卵的单独开口，塞不会干扰产卵。相比之下，在没有单独开口的单倍体蜘蛛中，交配塞似乎很少见。现有的关于不同类型塞功能的实验研究表明，塞可以被认为是男性为了避免精子竞争而进行的适应。然而，在某些情况下，雌性被证明进化出了防止或控制雄性操纵的手段，或者可能选择性地支持特定雄性的塞子生产，这在很大程度上被忽视了。为了理解插头的进化和功能，我们需要探索形态学、行为学和生物化学方面的相关内容，并将我们的方法扩展到两性之间的相互作用。
Low female mating frequencies often appear to be cases of direct male induction that can oppose female interests. Mating plugs are most obvious means leading to low degrees of multiple mating in females. In spiders, mating plugs are formed by a variety of amorphous materials, by the breakage of the male sperm transferring organ, or by the whole male that functions as a mating barrier. Our compilation of the available information on the presence of the various types of mating plugs suggests that plugs predominantly occur in entelegyne spiders. In this group, plugs do not interfere with oviposition since separate openings for insemination and oviposition are present. In contrast, mating plugs seem to be rare in haplogyne spiders that do not possess separate openings. The available experimental studies on the function of the different types of plugs suggest that plugs can be considered as male adaptations to avoid sperm competition. However, females in some cases were shown to have evolved means to prevent or control male manipulation or may selectively favour plug production in specific males, an aspect which has largely been neglected. In order to understand plug evolution and function we need to explore the morphological, behavioural and biochemical aspects involved and extend our approach to interactions between the sexes.