Health impact of unicellular algae of the Ostreopsis genus blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: experience of the French Mediterranean coast surveillance network from 2006 to 2009
Health impact of unicellular algae of the Ostreopsis genus blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: experience of the French Mediterranean coast surveillance network from 2006 to 2009
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DOI：
10.3109/15563650.2010.513687
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Tichadou;M. Glaizal;A. Armengaud;Hubert Grossel;R. Lémée;R. Kantin;Jean-Luc Lasalle;G. Drouet;L. Rambaud;P. Malfait;L. de Haro
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Tichadou;M. Glaizal;A. Armengaud;Hubert Grossel;R. Lémée;R. Kantin;Jean-Luc Lasalle;G. Drouet;L. Rambaud;P. Malfait;L. de Haro
目标。Ostreopsis ovata和Ostreopsis siamensis是最近在地中海发现的热带单细胞藻类。这两种鞭毛藻都能产生类似于孢毒素（PTX）的毒素，在哺乳动物中是强大的血管收缩剂。自2003年以来，在意大利和西班牙，有报道称，与有毒微藻细胞（附生菌、浮游生物或浪花）或相关毒素接触的人出现呼吸问题和皮肤/粘膜刺激。方法。在法国，已经建立了一个监测网络，以监测水的状况，并保护游泳者免受Ostreopsis的污染。结果。2006年至2009年间，法国地中海沿岸共观察到9次水华，其中5次出现在潜水员、游泳者和海岸线居民身上。共有47例患者出现良性或轻度皮肤、粘膜和/或呼吸道刺激症状，在12-72小时（使用非甾体类抗炎药4-12小时）内自行消退。在研究期间，有五个泳滩暂时关闭。讨论。在地中海，当人类接触到含有高浓度藻类细胞的盐水时，会出现Ostreopsis的大量繁殖，导致皮肤和呼吸系统疾病。然而，对食物链（海胆、贻贝）上的孢毒素剂量进行的研究表明，必须考虑到这种毒素在海产品中积累的风险，并应相应地升级监测网络。
Objective. Ostreopsis ovata and Ostreopsis siamensis are tropical unicellular algae that have been found recently in the Mediterranean. Both of these dinoflagellates produce palytoxin (PTX)-like toxins that are powerful vasoconstrictors in mammals. Since 2003, Ostreopsis blooms in Italy and Spain have been accompanied by reports of respiratory problems and skin/mucosa irritation in persons in contact with toxic microalgal cells (epiphytes, plankton, or sea spray) or associated toxins. Methods. In France, a surveillance network has been set up to monitor water conditions and to protect swimmers from contamination due to Ostreopsis. Results. Between 2006 and 2009, a total of nine blooms were observed on the French Mediterranean coast including five that led to manifestations in divers, swimmers, and shoreline inhabitants. A total of 47 patients presented symptoms of involving benign or mild skin, mucosal, and/or respiratory irritation that regressed spontaneously without treatment within 12–72 h (4–12 h with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). During the study period, five beaches were temporarily closed. Discussion. In the Mediterranean, Ostreopsis blooms induce skin and respiratory disorders when human beings are exposed to saltwater with a high concentration of algal cells. However, palytoxin dosages carried out on the food chain (urchins, mussels) indicate that this risk of toxins accumulation in seafood must be taken into account and that the surveillance network should be upgraded accordingly.