Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007114520003311
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发表时间：
2021-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Passos TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morais AHA;Aquino JS;da Silva-Maia JK;Vale SHL;Maciel BLL;Passos TS
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引起，于二零二零年被世界卫生组织确认为大流行病。宿主准备对抗病毒是避免COVID-19严重性的重要策略。因此，饮食习惯，营养状况和它们对免疫反应的影响之间的关系，并在病毒性呼吸道感染的进一步影响是一个重要的主题，在这次审查中讨论。营养不良会导致免疫系统发生多种变化，抑制免疫反应，增加对SARS-CoV-2等感染的易感性。另一方面，肥胖诱导由过度肥胖引起的低度慢性炎症，其增加血管紧张素转换酶2。它降低了有利于SARS-CoV-2毒力和促进呼吸窘迫综合征的免疫应答。本综述强调了食物选择的重要性，考虑到它们的炎症作用，从而增加了在营养不良和肥胖症中观察到的病毒易感性。健康的饮食习惯、微量营养素、生物活性化合物和益生菌是预防COVID-19的策略。因此，多样化和均衡的饮食有助于改善对病毒感染（如COVID-19）的免疫反应。
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised by the WHO as a pandemic in 2020. Host preparation to combat the virus is an important strategy to avoid COVID-19 severity. Thus, the relationship between eating habits, nutritional status and their effects on the immune response and further implications in viral respiratory infections is an important topic discussed in this review. Malnutrition causes the most diverse alterations in the immune system, suppressing of the immune response and increasing the susceptibility to infections such as SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, obesity induces low-grade chronic inflammation caused by excess adiposity, which increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. It decreases the immune response favouring SARS-CoV-2 virulence and promoting respiratory distress syndrome. The present review highlights the importance of food choices considering their inflammatory effects, consequently increasing the viral susceptibility observed in malnutrition and obesity. Healthy eating habits, micronutrients, bioactive compounds and probiotics are strategies for COVID-19 prevention. Therefore, a diversified and balanced diet can contribute to the improvement of the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.