Basophil activation by mosquito extracts in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites.
Basophil activation by mosquito extracts in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites.
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DOI：
10.1111/cas.12696
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发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Yachie A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakakibara Y;Wada T;Muraoka M;Matsuda Y;Toma T;Yachie A
蚊虫叮咬过敏 (HMB) 是一种皮肤病，属于 Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV) 相关 T/自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞淋巴增殖性疾病，主要由 EBV 感染的 NK 细胞介导。其特点是蚊虫叮咬后出现强烈的局部皮肤反应并伴有一般症状，并且感染 EBV 的 NK 细胞浸润到叮咬部位。然而，这些反应的机制尚未得到充分研究。我们最近描述了一名 HMB 患者在体外通过蚊子提取物激活循环嗜碱性粒细胞的情况。为了进一步研究这一发现，我们研究了另外四名 HMB 患者。所有患者均表现出典型的蚊虫叮咬后HMB临床特征，NK淋巴细胞增多，外周血EBV DNA载量较高。我们通过原位杂交发现了 NK 细胞中 EBV 感染的证据，检测到 EBV 编码的小 RNA-1，流式细胞术显示几乎所有 NK 细胞上都有 HLA-DR 表达。使用流行性蚊子淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的提取物进行的嗜碱性粒细胞活化测试显示，HMB 患者的所有样本中的一种或两种提取物均呈阳性反应，表明存在蚊子抗原特异性 IgE 及其与嗜碱性粒细胞的结合。特别是，白纹伊蚊的提取物能够激活所有可用患者样本中的嗜碱性粒细胞。这些结果表明，蚊虫叮咬激活的嗜碱性粒细胞和/或肥大细胞可能参与 HMB 中蚊虫叮咬的严重皮肤反应的引发和发展。
Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) is a cutaneous disorder belonging to the group of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, and is primarily mediated by EBV-infected NK cells. It is characterized by intense local skin reactions accompanied by general symptoms after mosquito bites, and infiltration of EBV-infected NK cells into the bite sites. However, the mechanisms underlying these reactions have not been fully examined. We recently described the activation of circulating basophils by mosquito extracts in vitro in a patient with HMB. To further investigate this finding, we studied four additional patients with HMB. All patients showed typical clinical features of HMB after mosquito bites and they had NK lymphocytosis and high peripheral blood EBV DNA loads. We found evidence of EBV infection in NK cells through in situ hybridization that detected EBV-encoded small RNA-1, and flow cytometry showed HLA-DR expression on almost all NK cells. Basophil activation tests with the extracts of epidemic mosquitoes Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus showed positive responses to one or both extracts in all samples from patients with HMB, suggesting the presence of mosquito antigen-specific IgE and its binding to basophils. In particular, the extract of Aedes albopictus was able to activate basophils in all available patient samples. These results indicate that basophils and/or mast cells activated by mosquito bites may be involved in initiation and development of severe skin reactions to mosquito bites in HMB.