Thermal constraints and optimization of winter feeding and habitat choice in white-tailed deer
Thermal constraints and optimization of winter feeding and habitat choice in white-tailed deer
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白尾鹿冬季取食和栖息地选择的热约束与优化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Schmitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Schmitz
我研究了白尾鹿在冬季的活动和栖息地选择，以确定鹿如何平衡在栖息地进食，这可能会使它们暴露在寒冷中，并在庇护栖息地休息。在两个冬季（初冬、中冬和冬末），估计了鹿在四种生境中觅食、休息和行走的平均热量增加或损失。这些值被用于动态优化模型，以预测每小时的行为栖息地的选择，使鹿保持热稳态，最大限度地减少超过致死体温的风险，并满足日常的能量需求。在自然条件下观察到的行为和栖息地选择与模型预测一致。鹿觅食的最大时间是热可能在两个采样期间，他们使用暴露的栖息地，而不会引起高热量损失。鹿似乎避免在白天的庇护栖息地过热，并避免在夜间暴露栖息地体温过低。
I examined the activity and habitat choice of white-tailed deer in winter to determine how deer balance feeding in habitats which may expose them to cold with resting in sheltered habitats. Average heat gain or loss of deer for feeding, resting and walking in four habitats in each of 24 h were estimated for two winter periods (early-mid and late winter). These values were used in a dynamic optimization model to predict the hourly behavior-habitat choices which enable deer to maintain thermal homeostasis, minimize the risk of exceeding lethal body temperatures and satisfy daily energy requirements. The behavior and habitat choices observed under natural conditions were consistent with the model predictions. Deer foraged for the maximum time that was thermally possible in both sampling periods and they used exposed habitats without incurring high heat losses. Deer appeared to avoid overheating in sheltered habitats during daylight and avoid hypothermia in exposed habitats at night.