Breeding Strategies to Improve Miscanthus as a Sustainable Source of Biomass for Bioenergy and Biorenewable Products
Breeding Strategies to Improve Miscanthus as a Sustainable Source of Biomass for Bioenergy and Biorenewable Products
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy9110673
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Robson, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clifton-Brown, John;Schwarz, Kai-Uwe;Robson, Paul
芒草是一种原产于东亚的C-4多年生草，目前正在培育，为生物能源和生物可再生产品提供生物质。利用克隆杂种M.黄姑鱼受到繁殖率低、建立成本高和干旱敏感性的限制。这些限制可以通过培育种子繁殖的更具弹性的芒属杂交种来克服。自然发生的快速增长的本土芒属物种在东亚的不同环境中被发现。自然多样性为植物育种者提供了遗传资源，以提高产量，质量和适应各种气候和不利的非生物胁迫的能力。芒草育种的挑战是通过在短时间内选择优秀的野生类型，亲本和后代来利用多样性，以部署杂交种，为减少对化石资源的依赖做出重大贡献。本文介绍了英国阿伯里斯特威斯芒属植物育种计划及其合作伙伴所采取的策略。该方案建立了亚洲以外最大的芒草种质资源库之一。我们描述了利用现有的遗传多样性来开发品种的初始策略。我们说明了不同的芒草种质资源相结合的成功和选择标准，适用于不同的环境，以确定有前途的杂交种，并开发成商业品种。我们讨论了分子选择的潜力，以简化育种过程。
Miscanthus, a C-4 perennial grass native to Eastern Asia, is being bred to provide biomass for bioenergy and biorenewable products. Commercial expansion with the clonal hybrid M. x giganteus is limited by low multiplication rates, high establishment costs and drought sensitivity. These limitations can be overcome by breeding more resilient Miscanthus hybrids propagated by seed. Naturally occurring fast growing indigenous Miscanthus species are found in diverse environments across Eastern Asia. The natural diversity provides for plant breeders, the genetic resources to improve yield, quality, and resilience for a wide range of climates and adverse abiotic stresses. The challenge for Miscanthus breeding is to harness the diversity through selections of outstanding wild types, parents, and progenies over a short time frame to deploy hybrids that make a significant contribution to a world less dependent on fossil resources. Here are described the strategies taken by the Miscanthus breeding programme at Aberystwyth, UK and its partners. The programme built up one of the largest Miscanthus germplasm collections outside Asia. We describe the initial strategies to exploit the available genetic diversity to develop varieties. We illustrate the success of combining diverse Miscanthus germplasm and the selection criteria applied across different environments to identify promising hybrids and to develop these into commercial varieties. We discuss the potential for molecular selections to streamline the breeding process.