Proprioception and Visual Discrimination of Orientation in Octopus
Proprioception and Visual Discrimination of Orientation in Octopus
复制标题
章鱼的本体感觉和视觉辨别方向
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1960
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Wells
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Wells
1。训练了22个小章鱼，以在去除统计数据之前和之后对视觉区分。去除一个statocyst（左或右）不会影响水平和垂直显示的矩形的视觉区分（8个实验） ，它也没有确定使用哪种眼睛来指导对事物的攻击（在四个实验中保存了记录）3。在黑色和白色圈子之间的歧视（7只动物）中的表现确实破坏了在水平和垂直方向显示的矩形的能力（11动物）。 - 像学生一样）在正常的身体位置上不再是恒定的，而是取决于动物在其水箱的侧面或底部。训练以使方向歧视的动物的术后反应表明，几乎所有这些都有偏向于一个或其他测试数字，并非总是在术前训练期间用作“正”的数字。主要在他们安全地坐在坦克的位置上； 6。这些结果表明，方向歧视取决于视网膜的正确方向，而不是根据Sutherland（1957）提出的可能的视觉歧视机制讨论了本体感受和视觉信息。关于本体感受信息在学习中的作用已经知道的知识。
1. Twenty-two small octopuses were trained to make visual discriminations before and after removal of the statocysts. 2. Removal of one statocyst (left or right) did not affect performance in a visual discrimination of rectangles shown horizontally and vertically (8 experiments), nor did it determine which eye was used to guide attacks upon things seen (a record of this was kept in four of the experiments). 3. Removal of both statocysts did not affect performance in a discrimination between black and white circles (7 animals) but did destroy the capacity to discriminate successfully between rectangles shown horizontally and vertically (11 animals). 4. After removal of both statocysts the orientation of the retina (as indicated by the slit-like pupils) is no longer constant over the normal wide range of bodily positions, but depends upon how the animal is sitting on the side or bottom of its tank. 5. An analysis of the postoperational responses of animals trained to make the orientation discrimination showed that nearly all of them were biased in favour of one or other of the test figures, not always that used as ‘positive’ figure during preoperational training. The postoperational scores of these trained animals depended mainly upon the positions in which they habitually sat in their tanks; ndividuals in positions such that the retina of the eye used to observe the test figures lay at right angles to the position held during pretraining tended to behave perversely. 6. These results indicate that orientation discrimination is dependent upon correct orientation of the retina, rather than upon central integration of proprioceptive and visual information. This is discussed in relation to a possible mechanism of visual discrimination proposed by Sutherland (1957), and in relation to what is already known about the role of proprioceptive information in learning.