CHAPTER 6:Development and Use of Catalytic Hydropyrolysis (HyPy) as an Analytical Tool for Organic Geochemical Applications
CHAPTER 6:Development and Use of Catalytic Hydropyrolysis (HyPy) as an Analytical Tool for Organic Geochemical Applications
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DOI：
10.1039/9781782625025-00171
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发表时间：
2014-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Meredith;C. Snape;G. Love
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文献类型：
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作者：
W. Meredith;C. Snape;G. Love
在高氢气压力(通常为15兆帕)和合适的催化剂(称为催化加氢热解或HYY)下进行的连续流动热解首次被用作从固体化石燃料中高产率地生产液体产品的一种手段。后来人们意识到，HHYY可以被用作一种分析技术，用于各种有机地球化学应用，包括地质大分子或功能化脂质的碎裂，以及诊断脂质生物标记物结构的释放。Hiy具有独特的能力，可以从源岩干酪根、现代沉积物和石油沥青质中产生高产量的碳氢生物标志物，同时最大限度地减少异构化和裂解造成的结构变化。这使得这项技术能够用于石油地球化学中常规生物标志物无法实现的重要应用：例如，表征严重生物降解的石油、被油基钻井泥浆污染的样品或焦油垫/焦油沥青等油田固体物质，以及破译迁移石油流体的盆地充填历史。HHYY还在与古代生物标志物检测相关的地球生物学研究中获得了突出地位，这些研究揭示了地球历史上微生物和动物生命的进化。该技术通过对现有微生物培养物和海绵的筛选，扩展了脂质生物标志物工具箱，以快速阐明它们生物合成的脂质生物标志物碳氢骨架的相对丰度和多样性。HYY还被用来对碳质球粒陨石中的不溶大分子物质进行了详细的表征。此外，HHYY最近作为一种还原方法被应用于土壤、煤和木炭中黑碳的分离和定量。
Continuous-flow pyrolysis conducted at high hydrogen gas pressures (typically 15 MPa) and with a suitable catalyst (termed catalytic hydropyrolysis or HyPy) was first used as a means to produce liquid products in high yields from solid fossil fuels. It was later realised that HyPy could be harnessed to function as an analytical technique for a variety of organic geochemical applications involving the fragmentation of geomacromolecules or functionalised lipids, and the release of diagnostic lipid biomarker structures. HyPy possesses the unique ability to produce high yields of hydrocarbon biomarkers from source rock kerogens, recent sediments, and petroleum asphaltenes, while minimising structural alteration by isomerisation andcracking. This has enabled the technique to be used in petroleum geochemistry for important applications where conventional biomarkers fail:for example, for characterising heavily biodegraded oils, samples contaminated by oil-based drilling mud, or oil field solids such as tar mats/pyrobitumens, and for deciphering basin filling history of migrated petroleum fluids. HyPy hasalso gained prominence in geobiologicalstudies related to ancient biomarker detection informing the evolution of microbial and animal life across Earth's history. The technique has expanded the lipid biomarker toolbox via the screening of extant microbial cultures and sponges to quickly elucidate the relative abundance and variety of lipid biomarker hydrocarbon skeletons that they biosynthesise. HyPy has also been used for the detailed characterisation of the insoluble macromolecular material in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. In addition, HyPy has recently been applied as a reductive method for the isolation and quantification of black carbon in soils, coals, and charcoals.