Sources of nitrous oxide and other climate relevant gases on surface area in a dairy free stall barn with solid floor and outside slurry storage
Sources of nitrous oxide and other climate relevant gases on surface area in a dairy free stall barn with solid floor and outside slurry storage
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.038
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
A. Schmithausen;M. Trimborn;W. Büscher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Schmithausen;M. Trimborn;W. Büscher
农业中的畜牧生产系统是温室气体的主要排放者之一。到目前为止，奶牛养殖场部门的研究重点主要是瘤胃甲烷(CH4)排放。一氧化二氮(N2O)的排放通常来自固体粪便或深层无垃圾畜棚。N2O的释放是有机物质、氮和水分相互作用的结果。关于现代奶牛场和液体肥料管理系统N2O排放的数据很少。因此，这项研究的目标是确定奶牛场一级微量气体排放的主要来源，包括N2O。一些地区，如干燥和潮湿条件交替的擦伤表面，是很有趣的。通过密闭室技术测量来自不同奶牛场区域(例如，覆盖有尿液和粪便的区域或泥浆存储系统)的痕量气体浓缩率，从而定位谷仓内外可能的微量气体来源。结果表明，二氧化碳(CO2)、CH4和N2O在不同地区的典型排放比率可产生可比的当量值。根据奶牛的氮素排泄量计算，牛舍的N2O总排放量比通常在田间测量的要低得多。然而，谷仓内也有个别事件和N2O浓度意外释放因素的区域，如尿片、污染区域和隔间。清洁区和尿片的N2O排放因子分别为1.1~5.0 mg m−2d−1。考虑到这些区域的排放因子及其在整个谷仓中的比例，总排放量为371个二氧化碳当量。Lu−1a−1，36 co2-eq.Lu−1a−1，和1.7kgCO2-eq.在整个谷仓表面积上测量了Lu−1a−1对CO_2、CH_4和N_2O的排放。与N2O排放相比，表面积的CH4排放与气候的相关性更强，但与浆料储存或瘤胃发酵(未测量)的CH4排放相比甚至微不足道。
Livestock production systems in agriculture are one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases. So far, the focus of research in the dairy farm sector was primarily on ruminal methane (CH4) emissions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) usually arise from solid manure or in deep litter free stall barns. Release of N2O occurs as a result of interactions between organic material, nitrogen and moisture. Data of N2O emissions from modern dairy barns and liquid manure management systems are rare. Thus, the goal of this research was to determine the main sources of trace gas emissions at the dairy farm level, including N2O. Areas such as the scraped surface area where dry and wet conditions alternate are interesting. Possible sources of trace gases within and outside the barn were localised by measuring trace gas concentration rates from different dairy farm areas (e.g., areas covered with urine and excrement or slurry storage system) via the closed chamber technique. The results indicate typical emission ratios of carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4and N2O in the various areas to generate comparable equivalent values. Calculated on the basis of nitrogen excretion from dairy cows, total emissions of N2O were much lower from barns than typically measured in fields. However, there were also areas within the barn with individual events and unexpected release factors of N2O concentrations such as urine patches, polluted areas and cubicles. Emission factors of N2O ranged from 1.1 to 5.0 mg m−2d−1, respectively, for cleaned areas and urine patches. By considering the release factors of these areas and their proportion of the entire barn, total emission rates of 371 CO2-eq. LU−1a−1, 36 CO2-eq. LU−1a−1, and 1.7 kg CO2-eq. LU−1a−1for CO2, CH4and N2O, respectively, were measured for the whole barn surface area. The CH4emissions from surface area were stronger climate relevant comparing to N2O emissions, but compared to CH4emissions from slurry storage or ruminal fermentation (not measured) even insignificant.