Techno-economic analysis of the viability of residential photovoltaic systems using lithium-ion batteries for energy storage in the United Kingdom
Techno-economic analysis of the viability of residential photovoltaic systems using lithium-ion batteries for energy storage in the United Kingdom
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.170
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
K. Uddin;Rebecca Gough;J. Radcliffe;J. Marco;P. Jennings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Uddin;Rebecca Gough;J. Radcliffe;J. Marco;P. Jennings
屋顶光伏系统与锂离子电池储能相结合，是英国电力部门脱碳的一条有前途的途径。从消费者的角度来看，较低的公用事业成本带来的经济利益以及通过提供电网服务获得经济回报的潜力是投资光伏电池系统的强烈动机。虽然电池存储通常被认为是减少光伏供应和建筑需求之间的能量不匹配的有效手段，但目前尚不清楚何时以及在何种条件下电池存储可以在住宅光伏系统中盈利。当在决策框架内考虑电池退化时，这一事实尤其相关。在这项工作中，一个市售的耦合光伏锂离子电池系统安装在一个中等规模的英国家庭住宅。光伏发电和家庭用电需求记录超过一年。基于50多个商用锂离子电池长期老化实验数据，建立了一个综合电池老化模型。该综合模型考虑了所有已建立的退化模式，包括日历老化、容量吞吐量、环境温度、充电状态、放电深度和电流速率。该模型使用循环数据进行验证，并表现出平均最大瞬态误差为7.4%的容量损失估计和7.3%的电阻上升估计超过一年的循环。电池老化模型用于根据从住宅物业记录的功率分布来估计与循环电池相关联的电池退化的成本。使用从该物业和电池退化模型收集的数据进行的详细成本效益分析表明，在公用事业节省和出口收入方面，电池的集成不会产生额外的好处。这一结果部分归因于系统的相对基本的控制策略和效率。此外，当包括电池退化的成本时，房主遭受重大的经济损失。
Rooftop photovoltaic systems integrated with lithium-ion battery storage are a promising route for the decarbonisation of the UK’s power sector. From a consumer perspective, the financial benefits of lower utility costs and the potential of a financial return through providing grid services is a strong incentive to invest in PV-battery systems. Although battery storage is generally considered an effective means for reducing the energy mismatch between photovoltaic supply and building demand, it remains unclear when and under which conditions battery storage can be profitably operated within residential photovoltaic systems. This fact is particularly pertinent when battery degradation is considered within the decision framework. In this work, a commercially available coupled photovoltaic lithium-ion battery system is installed within a mid-sized UK family home. Photovoltaic energy generation and household electricity demand is recorded for more than one year. A comprehensive battery degradation model based on long-term ageing data collected from more than fifty long-term degradation experiments on commercial Lithium-ion batteries is developed. The comprehensive model accounts for all established modes of degradation including calendar ageing, capacity throughput, ambient temperature, state of charge, depth of discharge and current rate. The model is validated using cycling data and exhibited an average maximum transient error of 7.4% in capacity loss estimates and 7.3% in resistance rise estimates for over a year of cycling. The battery ageing model is used to estimate the cost of battery degradation associated with cycling the battery according to the power profile logged from the residential property. A detailed cost-benefit analysis using the data collected from the property and the battery degradation model shows that, in terms of utility savings and export revenue, the integration of a battery yields no added benefit. This result was, in-part, attributed to the relatively basic control strategy and efficiency of the system. Furthermore, when the cost of battery degradation is included, the homeowner is subject to a significant financial loss.