East African running dominance: what is behind it?
East African running dominance: what is behind it?
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsm.34.5.391
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Hamilton, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamilton, B
东非中长跑运动员是目前田径运动的主导力量。除了在过去几届奥运会上主导径赛项目外，他们还在美国和欧洲的公路赛车和世界越野赛中占据主导地位。虽然许多生理和解剖学因素已被提出来解释东非的优势，这些变量的研究还没有发现任何明确的优势，非洲。传统的社会和文化因素往往被描述为“有利的”，虽然这些因素在东非占主导地位的过程中或多或少地涉及，但非洲人和高加索人的心理或“心态”现在很可能是维持这种主导地位的额外重要因素。就像斯堪的纳维亚的长跑运动员在世纪早期赢得了36枚奥运会奖牌中的28枚，超过5000米和10000米，东非人已经在自己和高加索对手的心目中形成了一种不可战胜的光环。全世界的高加索人都在寻找东非人身体优势的证据，同时把一种心理优势放在盘子里交给他们，这种优势除非被消除，否则将使目前的状态永久化。
East African middle and long distance runners are currently the dominant force in athletics. As well as dominating the track events at the last several Olympic Games, they are also dominant on the American and European road racing circuit and world cross country events. Although many physiological and anatomical factors have been proposed to explain East African dominance, research into these variables has not yet revealed any definitive advantage for the African. Traditional social and cultural factors have often been described as “advantageous”, and, although these factors may be to a greater or lesser extent involved in the East African dominance, it is probable that both the African and caucasian psychology or “mindset” are now additional important factors in maintaining that dominance. Like Scandinavian distance runners in the early 20th century, who won 28 of 36 possible Olympic medals over 5000 and 10 000 m, the East Africans have developed an aura of invincibility, both in their own minds and the minds of their caucasian opponents. Caucasians world wide are searching for proof of the physical advantage of the East Africans while handing them on a platter a psychological advantage which, until removed, will perpetuate the current state.