A transferrin receptor's guide to African trypanosomes.

A transferrin receptor's guide to African trypanosomes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100100
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发表时间:
2023-12
期刊:
Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gadelha, Catarina
Gadelha, Catarina
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Urbaniak, Michael D.;Gadelha, Catarina

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哺乳动物通过将铁隔离在主要血清糖蛋白转铁蛋白(Tf)内来限制必需元素铁的可用性。这是一种免疫防御策略的一部分,以抵御入侵的病原体,称为营养免疫。然而,非洲锥虫已经进化出了从哺乳动物血液中窃取铁的方法。由这些生物体(特别是布氏锥虫(Trypanosoma brucei)、T. congolense和T.间日疟)是一系列野生和家养动物(包括牛、绵羊和山羊)的贫血和体重减轻。T. brucei和T.刚果人已经进化出一种独特的高亲和力转铁蛋白受体(TfR),其允许它们通过受体介导的宿主Tf的内吞作用获得铁(Steverding等人,1995年)。相比之下,T.间日疟原虫基因组似乎缺乏可识别的TfR直向同源物(杰克逊等人,2013年)。T.此外,布氏杆菌能够通过对其存活和毒力重要的尚未确定的转录后机制来感知和响应铁饥饿条件(Benz等人,2018年,Fast等人,1999年,Mußmann等人,2003年,Steverding等人,1995),但目前尚不清楚T.在这篇表面特征文章中,我们简要讨论了目前已知的非洲锥虫转铁蛋白受体介导的铁摄取,并提出了一些该领域尚未回答的问题。
Mammals limit the availability of the essential element iron by sequestering it within the major serum glycoprotein transferrin (Tf). This is part of a strategy of immune defence against invading pathogens termed nutritional immunity. African trypanosomes have, however, evolved the means to steal iron from the mammalian bloodstream. A hallmark of the disease caused by these organisms (in particular the species Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax) is anaemia and weight loss in a range of wild and domestic animals including cattle, sheep and goats. T. brucei and T. congolense have evolved a unique high-affinity transferrin receptor (TfR) that allows them to obtain iron through receptor-mediated endocytosis of host Tf (Steverding et al., 1995). In contrast, the T. vivax genome appears to lack identifiable TfR orthologues (Jackson et al., 2013). T. brucei is, in addition, able to sense and respond to iron starvation conditions through a yet undefined post-transcriptional mechanism important for its survival and virulence (Benz et al., 2018, Fast et al., 1999, Mußmann et al., 2003, Steverding et al., 1995), but it remains unclear if a similar mechanism is present in T. congolense.In this Surface Features article, we briefly discuss what is currently known about transferrin receptor-mediated iron uptake in African trypanosomes, and raise some of the remaining unanswered questions in the field.
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