Do permanent night workers show circadian adjustment? A review based on the endogenous melatonin rhythm
Do permanent night workers show circadian adjustment? A review based on the endogenous melatonin rhythm
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DOI：
10.1080/07420520802106835
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Folkard, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Folkard, Simon
“永久”或“固定”夜班被认为比轮班制有潜在的好处，因为它们可以最大限度地调节昼夜节律，从而最大限度地减少与夜班有关的各种健康和安全问题。出于这个原因，一些作者主张永久的轮班制度，但他们的论点假设至少有一个实质性的，如果不是完全的，生物钟的调整。他们强调了一项发现，即长期夜班工人在连续夜班之间的白天睡眠时间要比那些缓慢或快速轮班的工人长得多，但这可能只是反映了睡眠压力的增加。褪黑激素的分泌通常被认为是内源性生物钟状态的最广为人知的指标，本文综述了关于昼夜节律对永久性夜间工作的调节的文献。排除了对工人在“异常”环境中的研究，如石油钻井平台和偏远采矿作业，因为这些独特环境的性质可能有助于调整。包括的六项研究的结果表明，只有极少数（< 3%）的长期夜班工人证明他们的内源性褪黑激素节律“完全”调整到夜间工作，不到四分之一的长期夜班工人证明充分“实质性”调整以从中获得任何好处，在正常或昏暗照明下进行的研究之间没有差异，并且没有证据表明性别差异适应永久性夜班工作。结论是，在正常环境下，永久性夜班制度不太可能对大多数人产生充分的昼夜节律调整，从而有利于健康和安全。（作者通信：s.folkard@swan.ac.uk）。
"Permanent" or "fixed" night shifts have been argued to offer a potential benefit over rotating shift systems in that they may serve to maximize circadian adjustment and hence minimize the various health and safety problems associated with night work. For this reason, some authors have argued in favor of permanent shift systems, but their arguments assume at least a substantial, if not complete, adjustment of the circadian clock. They have emphasized the finding that the day sleeps taken between successive night shifts by permanent night workers are rather longer than those of either slowly or rapidly rotating shift workers, but this could simply reflect increased pressure for sleep. The present paper reviews the literature on the adjustment to permanent night work of the circadian rhythm in the secretion of melatonin, which is generally considered to be the best known indicator of the state of the endogenous circadian body clock. Studies of workers in "abnormal" environments, such as oil rigs and remote mining operations, were excluded, as the nature of these unique settings might serve to assist adjustment. The results of the six studies included indicate that only a very small minority (< 3%) of permanent night workers evidence "complete" adjustment of their endogenous melatonin rhythm to night work, less than one in four permanent night workers evidence sufficiently "substantial" adjustment to derive any benefit from it, there is no difference between studies conducted in normal or dim lighting, and there is no evidence of gender difference in the adjustment to permanent night work. It is concluded that in normal environments, permanent night-shift systems are unlikely to result in sufficient circadian adjustment in most individuals to benefit health and safety. (Author correspondence: s.folkard@swan.ac.uk).