Radiation dosimetry for highly contaminated Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian populations, and. for less contaminated populations in Europe
Radiation dosimetry for highly contaminated Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian populations, and. for less contaminated populations in Europe
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DOI：
10.1097/01.hp.0000279019.23900.62
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Drozdovitch, Vladimir V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouville, Andre;Likhtarev, Illya A.;Drozdovitch, Vladimir V.
1986年4月26日清晨，乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站发生爆炸，导致10天内大量放射性物质释放。反应堆产生的放射性云将许多不同的放射性核素，特别是碘（I-131）和铯（Cs-134和Cs-137）散布到大多数欧洲国家，但最大的污染发生在白俄罗斯、俄罗斯联邦和乌克兰的广大地区。由于切尔诺贝利事故的主要健康影响是儿童和青少年甲状腺癌发病率升高，因此人们非常关注事故发生后2个月内摄入的1311人的甲状腺剂量。白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和乌克兰受污染地区居民接受的甲状腺剂量差异很大，主要取决于年龄、地面污染程度、牛奶消费率和所消费牛奶的来源。报告的个人甲状腺剂量最高可达40，000 mGy，平均剂量从几个到1，000 mGy不等，这取决于人们受到照射的地区。此外，由于环境中存在长寿命的Cs-134和Cs-137，人体的所有器官和组织通过外部和内部辐照受到相对均匀的辐照，尽管辐照率很低。不包括甲状腺剂量，在事故发生后的20年（1986-2005年）中，一般人群的全身（或有效）累积剂量估计值从几毫西弗特（mSv）到几百mSv不等，在白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和乌克兰的受污染地区，平均剂量约为10 mSv。在其他欧洲国家，甲状腺和有效剂量平均要小得多。
The explosions at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) in Ukraine early in the morning of 26 April 1986 led to a considerable release of radioactive materials during 10 d. The cloud from the reactor spread many different radionuclides, particularly those of iodine (I-131) and cesium (Cs-134 and Cs-137), over the majority of European countries, but the greatest contamination occurred over vast areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. As the major health effect of Chernobyl is an elevated thyroid cancer incidence in children and adolescents, much attention has been paid to the thyroid doses resulting from intakes of 1311, which were delivered within 2 mo following the accident. The thyroid doses received by the inhabitants of the contaminated areas of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine varied in a wide range, mainly according to age, level of ground contamination, milk consumption rate, and origin of the milk that was consumed. Reported individual thyroid doses varied up to similar to 40,000 mGy, with average doses of a few to 1,000 mGy, depending on the area where people were exposed. In addition, the presence in the environment of long-lived Cs-134 and Cs-137 has led to a relatively homogeneous exposure of all organs and tissues of the body via external and internal irradiation, albeit at low rates. Excluding the thyroid doses, the whole-body (or effective) dose estimates for the general population accumulated during 20 y after the accident (1986-2005) range from a few millisieverts (mSv) to some hundred mSv with an average dose of similar to 10 mSv in the contaminated areas of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. In other European countries, both the thyroid and the effective doses are, on average, much smaller.