1H-NMR screening for the high-throughput determination of genotype and environmental effects on the content of asparagine in wheat grain
1H-NMR screening for the high-throughput determination of genotype and environmental effects on the content of asparagine in wheat grain
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DOI：
10.1111/pbi.12364
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Ward, Jane L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corol, Delia I.;Ravel, Catherine;Ward, Jane L.
谷物中的游离天冬酰胺是丙烯酰胺的前体，丙烯酰胺是一种在烹饪过程中形成的神经毒性和致癌产物。因此，开发具有较低天冬酰胺的作物对种植者和食品工业具有相当大的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们描述了一个快速的H-1-NMR为基础的分析谷物粉，即，适合于量化天冬酰胺水平的发展和应用，因此丙烯酰胺形成的潜力，在大量的样品。该屏幕被应用于面粉样品从150个面包小麦在一个单一的网站在2005年，提供了最大的样本集。此外，筛选26个选定的品种在同一地点生长了两年，并在第三年（2007年）在另外三个欧洲地点提供了六个广泛不同的环境，以允许估计环境（E）和G x E对天冬酰胺水平的影响。天冬酰胺浓度在150个基因型范围从0.32至1.56毫克/克全麦小麦粉干物质。天冬酰胺水平与植株高度相关，因此，由于最近的育种活动，以生产半矮秆品种，也观察到与该品种的注册年份的负相关关系。多位点研究表明，天冬酰胺水平的变化中只有13%是可遗传的，而环境贡献为36%，GxE组分为43%。因此，与其他一些表型性状相比，低天冬酰胺小麦的育种提出了一个困难的挑战。
Free asparagine in cereals is known to be the precursor of acrylamide, a neurotoxic and carcinogenic product formed during cooking processes. Thus, the development of crops with lower asparagine is of considerable interest to growers and the food industry. In this study, we describe the development and application of a rapid H-1-NMR-based analysis of cereal flour, that is, suitable for quantifying asparagine levels, and hence acrylamide-forming potential, across large numbers of samples. The screen was applied to flour samples from 150 bread wheats grown at a single site in 2005, providing the largest sample set to date. Additionally, screening of 26 selected cultivars grown for two further years in the same location and in three additional European locations in the third year (2007) provided six widely different environments to allow estimation of the environmental (E) and G x E effects on asparagine levels. Asparagine concentrations in the 150 genotypes ranged from 0.32 to 1.56 mg/g dry matter in wholemeal wheat flours. Asparagine levels were correlated with plant height and therefore, due to recent breeding activities to produce semi-dwarf varieties, a negative relationship with the year of registration of the cultivar was also observed. The multisite study indicated that only 13% of the observed variation in asparagine levels was heritable, whilst the environmental contribution was 36% and the GxE component was 43%. Thus, compared to some other phenotypic traits, breeding for low asparagine wheats presents a difficult challenge.