The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks
The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2019.01.005
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Fitch, Gregory M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dingus, Thomas A.;Owens, Justin M.;Fitch, Gregory M.
分心是致命事故中与驾驶员相关的一个主要因素（美国国家公路交通安全管理局，2015），当驾驶员将注意力从对安全驾驶至关重要的活动转移到竞争性活动时就会发生。虽然大量研究有强有力的证据表明，将驾驶员的视线从前方道路上移开的任务会显着增加碰撞风险，但之前的研究对于参与主要认知次要任务（这些任务不会对驾驶员提出明显的视觉手动要求）的风险尚无定论。作为第二个战略公路研究计划自然驾驶研究的一部分，这项研究通过分析 3454 名驾驶员的样本数据，扩展了之前对主要认知次要任务的风险估计，这些驾驶员的驾驶情况是使用车载摄像头和其他复杂的数据收集设备进行监控的。当前的研究包括对驾驶员参与主要认知次要活动的普遍性的分析。结果表明，总体而言，主要认知次要任务与相对于所有驾驶的优势比增加无关，但与相对于模型驾驶的显着增加的优势比相关（即，驾驶员明显警觉、专心和清醒）。在 20.0% 的选定驾驶参考中观察到主要是认知次要任务；与乘客互动构成了驾驶员参与的主要认知次要任务的大部分。使用免提手机通话/收听的优势比并未增加。
Distraction is a leading driver-related factor in fatal crashes (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2015) and occurs when drivers divert their attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity. While there is strong evidence from a large body of research indicating that tasks that take a driver's eyes from the forward roadway significantly increase crash risk, previous research has been less conclusive about the risks of engagement in primarily cognitive secondary tasks that do not place overt visual-manual demands on the driver. This study expands on previous risk estimations of primarily cognitive secondary tasks by analyzing data from a sample of 3454 drivers whose driving was monitored using in-vehicle cameras and other sophisticated data collection equipment as part of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study. The current study includes an analysis of the prevalence of drivers' engagement in primarily cognitive secondary activities. The results indicate that, collectively, primarily cognitive secondary tasks are not associated with an increased odds ratio relative to all driving but are associated with a significantly increased odds ratio relative to model driving (i.e., drivers are apparently alert, attentive, and sober). Primarily cognitive secondary tasks were observed in 20.0% of select driving references; interacting with a passenger composed the majority of the primarily cognitive secondary tasks in which drivers engaged. Talking/listening on a hands-free cell phone did not have an increased odds ratio.