Characterization and mapping of sleep–waking specific neurons in the basal forebrain and preoptic hypothalamus in mice
Characterization and mapping of sleep–waking specific neurons in the basal forebrain and preoptic hypothalamus in mice
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.075
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发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kasumi Takahashi;Jian-Sheng Lin;K. Sakai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kasumi Takahashi;Jian-Sheng Lin;K. Sakai
我们在小鼠的视前区(POA)和基底前脑(BFB)记录了整个睡眠-觉醒周期中的872个单单位，它们与睡眠和觉醒(W)的调节密切相关。在这些人中，552人处于睡眠活跃状态，96人处于清醒状态，106人在清醒和反常睡眠(PS)期间都处于活跃状态，其余118人处于状态无关状态。在872个神经元中，我们区分了慢波睡眠(SWS)、慢波/慢波睡眠(SWS/PS)、慢波睡眠(PS)、慢波睡眠(W)、慢波睡眠(W/PS)和慢波睡眠(W/PS)神经元，最后一类神经元又被进一步划分为特定的I型慢张(TI-SS)和I型快速强直(TI-Rs)神经元，这两类神经元都是在W和PS期间与皮质激活相关的特异性放电。SWS/PS特异性神经元和PS特异性神经元均分布于POA和BFB的较大区域，而SWS特异性神经元主要分布在POA和BFB的中、腹侧半部及邻近的BFB，W特异性神经元和W/PS特异性神经元也主要分布在POA和BFB的内侧。在从清醒到睡眠的转变过程中，大多数SWS特异性神经元和所有SWS/PS特异性神经元在皮层同步化(失活)开始后放电，而所有W特异性神经元和W/PS特异性神经元在皮层同步化(失活)开始前的放电频率和放电频率均显著降低。S。在从短波到短波的转换过程中，睡眠特有神经元的放电频率在皮层激活开始前显著降低0.1S，而睡眠特有神经元和W/PS特异神经元在皮层兴奋开始前放电>；0.5S。TI-SS神经元表现为三相宽动作电位、慢的单次独立放电和对皮层刺激的逆行反应，而TI-Rs神经元则表现为窄动作电位和高频猝发放电并伴发于PS中的theta波。这些结果表明，前脑睡眠/觉醒转换受促进睡眠神经元(SWS特异性和SWS/PS特异性)和觉醒促进神经元(W特异性和W/PS特异性)的相反活动的调节，睡眠的启动是由促进觉醒的神经元的活动减少(去便利化)引起的，W/PS特异性神经元深入参与了皮质的激活/去激活过程。
We recorded 872 single units across the complete sleep–waking cycle in the mouse preoptic area (POA) and basal forebrain (BFB), which are deeply involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (W). Of these, 552 were sleep-active, 96 were waking-active, 106 were active during both waking and paradoxical sleep (PS), and the remaining 118 were state-indifferent. Among the 872, we distinguished slow-wave sleep (SWS)–specific, SWS/PS-specific, PS-specific, W-specific, and W/PS-specific neurons, the last group being further divided into specific tonic type I slow (TI-Ss) and specific tonic type I rapid (TI-Rs) both discharging specifically in association with cortical activation during both W and PS. Both the SWS/PS-specific and PS-specific neurons were distributed throughout a wide region of the POA and BFB, whereas the SWS-specific neurons were mainly located in the middle and ventral half of the POA and adjacent BFB, as were the W-specific and W/PS-specific neurons. At the transition from waking to sleep, the majority of SWS-specific and all SWS/PS-specific neurons fired after the onset of cortical synchronization (deactivation), whereas all W-specific and W/PS-specific neurons showed a significant decrease in firing rate >0.5 s before the onset. At the transition from SWS to W, the sleep-specific neurons showed a significant decrease in firing rate 0.1 s before the onset of cortical activation, while the W-specific and W/PS-specific neurons fired >0.5 s before the onset. TI-Ss neurons were characterized by a triphasic broad action potential, slow single isolated firing, and an antidromic response to cortical stimulation, whereas TI-Rs neurons were characterized by a narrow action potential and high frequency burst discharge in association with theta waves in PS. These data suggest that the forebrain sleep/waking switch is regulated by opposing activities of sleep-promoting (SWS-specific and SWS/PS-specific) and waking-promoting (W-specific and W/PS-specific) neurons, that the initiation of sleep is caused by decreased activity of the waking-promoting neurons (disfacilitation), and that the W/PS-specific neurons are deeply involved in the processes of cortical activation/deactivation.