Characterization of soil health in an Italian polluted site by using microorganisms as bioindicators
Characterization of soil health in an Italian polluted site by using microorganisms as bioindicators
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.01.003
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Carraro, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avidano, L;Gamalero, E;Carraro, E
通过评估化学和生物参数，对化学ACNA工厂（Cengio，意大利）内外的土壤状况进行了调查。考虑了三个地点，两个（A和B）位于所谓的高风险区内，一个（C）位于工厂外。在第一米深处进行的化学分析表明，A地点存在无机污染（铜和砷），B地点存在有机污染（1，2，3，4-四氯苯和2，4-二氯苯胺）和无机污染（砷和汞）。地点C未显示任何显著污染，被视为对照。通过评估土壤细菌群落的功能（基质利用模式和土壤提取物的酶活性）和结构（细菌种群密度、组成和结构）多样性作为土壤健康的指标来进行生物学分析。每个试验点选取20株能在以2，4-二氯苯胺为唯一碳源的基本培养基上生长的细菌，采用Biolog GN MicroPlates对土壤浸提液进行代谢谱分析，结合系统聚类分析，结果表明A、B两个试验点的微生物群落具有较高的相似性。酶活性的最高量记录在站点C。所有部位的细菌密度无显著差异，观察到r-strategist（快速生长和共生）细菌的流行。A点和B点细菌群落组成的相似性高于C点。只有少数细菌物种是共同的三个网站：因此，细菌物种的流行通常与每个网站进行了观察。每个地点能够以2，4-二氯苯胺作为唯一碳源生长的细菌占总可培养细菌的比例均低于0.1%。通过使用Biolog微孔板进行细菌鉴定。通过考虑能够在添加有2，4-二氯苯胺的基本培养基上生长的细菌菌株，记录了位点A和C之间比与B位点之间更高的相似性。总之，不同化学污染物的存在并不影响细菌密度，而是影响群落结构。土壤化学性质、代谢指纹图谱、酶活性和细菌群落结构的表征可以作为评价土壤健康的有用工具。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The soil status inside and outside the chemical ACNA factory (Cengio, Italy) has been investigated by assessing chemical and biological parameters. Three sites, two (A and B) located inside the so-called high-risk zone and one (C) outside the factory were considered. Chemical analysis performed in the first metre of depth indicated the presence of inorganic pollution (copper and arsenic) in site A and organic (1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 2,4-dichloroaniline) and inorganic (arsenic and mercury) contaminations in site B. Site C did not show any significant contamination and was considered as control. Biological analyses were performed by evaluating functional (substrate utilization pattern and enzymatic activities of the soil extracts) and structural (bacterial population density, composition and structure) diversity of the soil bacterial community as indicator of soil health. Moreover, 20 bacterial strains per site, able to grow on minimal medium added with 2,4-dichloroaniline as sole carbon source, were selected and identified.The metabolic profile of soil extracts, characterized by using Biolog GN MicroPlates, coupled with hierarchical clustering, showed a high similarity between the microbial communities isolated from sites A and B. The highest amounts of enzymatic activities were recorded in site C. Bacterial density in all sites did not differ significantly and a prevalence of r-strategist (fast growing and copiotrophic) bacteria was observed. The composition of the bacterial community showed a higher similarity between sites A and B than with site C. Only few bacterial species were common to the three sites: as a consequence, a prevalence of bacterial species typically associated to each site was observed. The fraction of bacteria able to grow on 2,4-dichloroaniline as sole carbon source on the total culturable bacteria in each site was lower than 0.1%. Bacterial identifications were performed by using Biolog MicroPlates. By considering the bacterial strains able to grow on minimal medium added with 2,4-dichloroaniline, a higher similarity between sites A and C than with B site was recorded. In conclusion, the presence of different chemical pollutants did not affect the bacterial density but rather the community structure. The characterization of soil chemical properties, metabolic fingerprinting, enzymatic activities and bacterial community structure could be useful tools for the evaluation of the soil health. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.