Bacterial and archaeal taxa are reliable indicators of soil restoration across distributed calcareous grasslands
Bacterial and archaeal taxa are reliable indicators of soil restoration across distributed calcareous grasslands
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DOI：
10.1111/ejss.12977
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发表时间：
2020-05-27
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Robert I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armbruster, Melanie;Goodall, Tim;Griffiths, Robert I.
土地利用强化可以减少土壤碳储备，并改变微生物群落的生物多样性和功能。但是，缺乏关于管理是否始终影响地理量表的微生物生物多样性以及与土壤功能改变的关系的共识。从监管和监测的角度来看，有必要确定与功能相关的土地使用指标，以评估土壤恢复方法的进度。我们对未经改进的钙质草原与局部可耕作对比度进行了景观规模的调查，并评估了各种土壤，生物和功能措施中反应的一致性。此外，评估了正在恢复恢复的邻近草原，以鉴定恢复的土壤微生物指标。在草原中，有机物含量始终比可耕地更大，并且在恢复地点随时间增加。草原与可耕地的分子比较显示出许多细菌，古细菌和真菌指标，以及越来越多的Ca的代表。 Xiphinematobacter，Da101，胸骨，杜鹃花，霉菌和莫斯埃氏菌在旧草原土壤中，而硝基磷，Sporosarcina和Selternaria Inftotoria在可耕地的土壤中更丰富。细胞外酶反应的变化更大，八种被研究的酶是草原或可耕地土壤的一致指标。相关分析纳入了所有被调查的土壤中的分子和酶促反应，表明分子指示剂与土壤有机物有机物的增加更加密切，随着可耕地的恢复而增加。我们的结果强调，微生物分类单元是土壤恢复最敏感的指标之一，我们确定了特定分类单元对管理跨地理规模的一致响应。这一发现对土壤恢复的煽动和监测至关重要。高光泽的微生物是土壤生态系统服务的关键驱动因素，并且受到管理钙护理草的影响，表现出丰富的verrucomicrobia；种植增加的硝基磷酸单群分类群对草地的恢复做出了响应，而不是酶和局部生物提供的，多于酶和局部生物为钙质草原土壤功能恢复提供了一致的，独立于地点的指标
Land-use intensification can reduce soil carbon stocks and changes microbial community biodiversity and functionality. However, there is a lack of consensus on whether management consistently affects microbial biodiversity across geographic scales, and how this relates to altered soil function. From a regulatory and monitoring perspective, there is a need to identify functionally relevant indicators of land use in order to evaluate the progress of soil restoration approaches. We performed a landscape-scale survey of unimproved calcareous grasslands paired with local arable contrasts, and assessed the consistency of responses in a variety of soil, biotic and functional measures. In addition, adjacent grasslands undergoing restoration were assessed to identify soil microbial indicators of recovery. Organic matter content was consistently larger in grasslands than in arable fields, and increased with time in the restoring sites. Molecular comparisons of grassland versus arable soils revealed numerous bacterial, archaeal and fungal indicators, with more representatives of Ca. Xiphinematobacter, DA101, Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, Mycobacteria and Mortierella in old grassland soils, whereas Nitrososphaera, Sporosarcina and Alternaria infectoria were more abundant in arable soils. Extracellular enzymatic responses were more variable, with none of the eight investigated enzymes being consistent indicators of grassland or arable soils. Correlation analyses, incorporating the molecular and enzymatic responses across all surveyed soils, revealed that molecular indicators were more strongly correlated with soil organic matter increases with restoration of arable soils. Our results highlight that microbial taxa are among the most sensitive indicators of soil restoration, and we identify consistent responses of specific taxa to management across geographic scales. This discovery will be important for both the instigation and monitoring of soil restoration.HighlightsSoil microbes are key drivers of soil ecosystem services and are affected by managementCalcareous grassland exhibited abundant Verrucomicrobia; cropping increased NitrososphaeraThese taxa responded to SOM increases with grassland restoration, more so than enzymes and fungiMicrobes provide consistent, site-independent indicators for calcareous grassland soil function restoration