Milk production systems in Central Uganda: a farm economic analysis
Milk production systems in Central Uganda: a farm economic analysis
复制标题
乌干达中部的牛奶生产系统：农场经济分析
DOI：
10.1007/s11250-007-9091-4
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
U. Latacz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. A. Ndambi;O. Garcia;D. Balikowa;D. Kiconco;T. Hemme;U. Latacz
乌干达乳制品行业近年来发展迅速，以小规模农户为主，拥有全国 90% 以上的牛群。由于市场力量和生产要素竞争加剧，牛奶生产系统正在加剧，需要正确理解新的生产趋势。使用 TIPI-CAL（技术影响政策影响计算模型）确定并分析了三个集约型和四个粗放型生产系统。结果表明，生产系统在许多方面存在很大差异，但发展趋势相似。集约化系统使用分级动物，并在饲养、建筑和机械方面投入大量资金，而粗放系统则使用当地品种，投资最少。牛奶生产的总成本随着牛群规模的增加而下降，而不同农场的乳制品回报率各不相同，从每 100 公斤牛奶 18 美元到 35 美元不等。所有系统都可以赚取经济利润，但集约化的一头奶牛农场除外，该农场大量使用家庭资源进行乳制品生产。由于更好地管理资源以及进入投入品和市场，靠近城市地区的奶牛养殖和使用改良品种利润丰厚，尤其是在牛群规模较大的情况下。利益相关者应该支持此类做法以及其他可以提高生产力的做法，特别是在传统系统主导乳制品业的非洲国家。
The Ugandan dairy sector is developing rapidly over recent years and is dominated by small-scale farmers owning more than 90 percent of the national cattle population. Due to market forces and higher competition for production factors, milk production systems are intensifying, necessitating proper understanding of the new production tendencies. Three intensive and four extensive production systems were identified and analysed, using TIPI-CAL (Technology Impact Policy Impact Calculations model). The results show that the production systems are very different in many respects but share similar development trends. Whereas intensive systems use graded animals and invest heavily into feeding, buildings and machinery, extensive systems use local breeds and invest minimally. Total cost of milk production falls with increasing herd size, while dairy returns vary among farms from 18 to 35 USD/100 Kg of milk. All systems make an economic profit, except the intensive one-cow farm, which heavily employs family resources in dairying. Due to better management of resources and access to inputs and markets, dairy farming closer to urban areas and using improved breeds is highly profitable, especially with larger herd sizes. Stakeholders should favour such practices as well as others which can improve productivity, especially in African countries where traditional systems dominate dairying.