Anatomical Basis of Differences in Locomotor Behavior in Martens: A Comparison of the Forelimb Musculature Between Two Sympatric Species of Martes
Anatomical Basis of Differences in Locomotor Behavior in Martens: A Comparison of the Forelimb Musculature Between Two Sympatric Species of Martes
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.23742
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Herrel, Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bohmer, Christine;Fabre, Anne-Claire;Herrel, Anthony
树栖运动施加选择性压力，可能会影响运动器官的进化。四肢必须是移动的，以达到跨越不连续性，但在同一时间需要有力的移动，以克服重力在攀登。然而，作为树栖和陆地环境之间的中介，半树栖哺乳动物似乎不是非常专业化，因此，解剖适应可能不如预期的树栖登山者明显。在这里，我们提出了定量数据的前肢（N = 14）的两个密切相关的种鼬科的肌肉解剖，并与他们的运动习惯的调查结果。树栖松貂（Martes martes）和陆栖石貂（Martes foina）是欧洲同域分布最相似的食肉动物，但在栖息地选择和运动方式上有明显差异。通过解剖肌肉结构变量，包括肌肉质量，羽状角，和纤维长度进行了测量和生理横截面积和最大等长力估计为每块肌肉。结果表明，与石貂相比，松貂的肢体屈肌和缩肌的产力能力以及内收肌的游动能力更大。由于这两个同域貂是非常相似的整体外观，身体大小，肢体内的比例，系统发育关系和捕食行为，前肢肌肉组织的差异被解释为反映更大的攀爬能力的松貂。这些功能特性似乎有助于在三维复杂的树木环境中运动。(C)2018 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Arboreal locomotion imposes selective pressures that may affect the evolution of the locomotor apparatus. The limbs have to be mobile to reach across discontinuities, yet at the same time need to be forceful to move against gravity during climbing. However, as intermediaries between the arboreal and terrestrial environment, semi-arboreal mammals appear not extremely specialized and, thus, anatomical adaptations may be less evident than expected for arboreal climbers. Here, we present quantitative data on the muscle anatomy of the forelimbs (N = 14) of two closely related species of Mustelidae and relate the findings to their locomotor habits. The arboreal pine marten (Martes martes) and the more terrestrial stone marten (Martes foina) are the most similar sympatric carnivores in Europe, but distinctly differ in habitat selection and locomotor mode. Via dissections muscle architectural variables including muscle mass, pennation angle, and fiber length were measured and the physiological cross-sectional area and maximum isometric force were estimated for each muscle. The results reveal that the force-generating capacity of the limb flexor and retractor muscles and the excursion capability of the adductor muscles are greater in the pine marten compared to the stone marten. Since the two sympatric martens are very similar in terms of overall appearance, body size, intra-limb proportions, phylogenetic relationships and predation behavior, the differences in forelimb musculature are interpreted to reflect the greater climbing ability of the pine marten. The functional properties appear to facilitate locomotion in a three-dimensionally complex arboreal environment. (C) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.