Characteristics and ship traffic source identification of air pollutants in China's largest port
Characteristics and ship traffic source identification of air pollutants in China's largest port
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我国最大港口大气污染物特征及船舶交通源识别
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.007
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Chen, Limin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao, Minjiang;Zhang, Yan;Chen, Limin
为了确定上海港空气污染物的特征和船舶交通排放的贡献，我们于2011年进行了现场测量。对上海港某工作区域的微量气体SO2、NO2和O-3进行了监测，并采集了TSP、PM2.5和粒径分离颗粒物的气溶胶样本。分析了气溶胶样品和重质燃料油样品中的V、Ni、Al、Fe、Si、Ca、Na、Mg、Mn、Zn、Co、Cr等元素。结果表明，上海港SO2和NO2的小时平均浓度分别为29.4和63.7 μ g m(-3)， TSP和PM2.5的日平均浓度分别为114.39和62.60 μ g m(-3)，与上海陆地区域相当。细颗粒物中Ni和V富集，平均浓度分别为80.0和14.8 ng m（-3）。夏季气流下气溶胶中V/Ni的比值为3.4，与上海港使用的国际重质燃料油中V/Ni的平均比值非常接近。反轨迹分析进一步揭示沿海气流下SO2、NO2和V主要来自船舶交通排放。混合沿海气流下V的平均浓度为15.84 ng m(-3)，远高于大陆气流下的9.84 ng m（-3）。此外，V与船舶流量高度相关，因此选择V作为上海船舶交通排放的指标。估计船舶交通对PM2.5的主要贡献范围为0.63至3.58 μ g(-3)，平均为1.96 μ g（-3）。该PM2.5分数占PM2.5总量平均水平的4.23%，最高可达12.8%。此外，上海港内船舶对一次PM2.5的贡献可能有64%来自内陆地区。研究结果表明，船舶交通对环境细颗粒物水平的贡献不可忽略，未来船舶排放的SO2和NO2的二次贡献需要在局部和区域尺度上进行估算。(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
To characterize the air pollutants in Shanghai Port and identify the contribution from ship traffic emission, field measurements have been conducted in 2011. The trace gases SO2, NO2 and O-3 were monitored and aerosol samples of TSP, PM2.5 and size-segregated particles were collected in a working area of Shanghai Port. Elements including V, Ni, Al, Fe, Si, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr in aerosol samples and heavy fuel oil samples were analyzed. The results revealed that average hourly SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Shanghai Port were respectively 29.4 and 63.7 mu g m(-3), average daily concentrations of TSP and PM2.5 were 114.39 and 62.60 mu g m(-3), comparable with the ones in Shanghai land area. Ni and V were found enriched in fine particles with averaged concentrations of 80.0 and 14.8 ng m(-3) in PM2.5 respectively. Also ratio of V/Ni in aerosol under summertime airflow was 3.4, very close to the ratio of averaged V and Ni content in international heavy fuel oils used in Shanghai Port. The backward trajectory analysis further revealed that SO2, NO2, and V under coastal airflows were mainly from ship traffic emission. The mean concentration of V was 15.84 ng m(-3) under hybrid coastal airflows, much higher than that of 9.84 ng m(-3) under continental airflows. Furthermore, V was found to be highly correlated with ship fluxes, and was selected as an indicator of ship traffic emission in Shanghai. The estimated primary PM2.5 contribution from ship traffic ranged from 0.63 to 3.58 mu g m(-3), with an average of 1.96 mu g m(3). This PM2.5 fraction accounted for 4.23% of the total PM2.5 in an average level, and reached to a maximum of 12.8%. Furthermore, there could be 64% of primary PM2.5 contributed by ships in Shanghai Port transported to inland region. Our results suggest that ship traffic has a non-negligible contribution on ambient levels of fine particles and secondary contribution of SO2 and NO2 emitted by ships need to be estimated on local and regional scale in future. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.