Returning the Tide to Dikelands in a Macrotidal and Ice-Influenced Environment: Challenges and Lessons Learned
Returning the Tide to Dikelands in a Macrotidal and Ice-Influenced Environment: Challenges and Lessons Learned
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在大潮汐和受冰影响的环境中使潮汐回归堤坝：挑战和经验教训
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-56179-0_21
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
N. McLellan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Boone;J. Ollerhead;M. A. Barbeau;Allen D. Beck;B. Sanderson;N. McLellan
本章的目标是（1）记录从设计，实施和监测的盐沼泽恢复在芬迪湾，加拿大，和（2）考虑如何将经验教训应用到未来的恢复项目。Fort Beausejour盐沼恢复地点在冬季会受到非常大的潮汐（高达14米）、波浪和冰雪的影响。该项目涉及有管理的重新调整，有两个恢复小组和两个参考地点。在破坏之前，建立了设计标准（例如，恢复单元必须在涨潮时完全淹没并缓慢排水），并使用流体动力学模型来测试破坏方案。修复前监测于2009-2010年完成，旧堤坝于2010年10月决口，此后开始决口后监测。水位，速度和流量的测量在一个突破口，比较非常好的模型预测。同样，沉积物的沉积模式与预测的一样，沉积速率也与根据该地区的经验研究所预期的一样。生物工程物种咸水灯心草（互花米草）花了2年的时间来定殖细胞;它最初通过植物传播，然后通过种子传播。在入侵后第5年，植物覆盖变得广泛。无脊椎动物和盐池生物群落发展滞后。汲取的经验教训包括：（1）为未来的条件作出规划，并为新沼泽的开发提供足够的容纳空间;（2）多层次的伙伴关系对这类项目的成功至关重要;（3）以研究为重点的监测确保对意外现象进行观察和量化;（4）所使用的设计过程，包括流体动力学模型，是成功的，可再次用于类似情况。
The objectives of this chapter are to (1) document lessons learned from the design, implementation and monitoring of a salt marsh restoration in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, and (2) consider how the lessons can be applied to future restoration projects. The Fort Beausejour salt marsh restoration sites are exposed to very large tides (up to 14 m), waves, and snow and ice in winter. This project involved a managed re-alignment, with two restoration cells and two reference sites. Before breaching, design criteria were established (e.g., the restoration cells must fully flood at high tide and drain slowly) and a hydrodynamic model was used to test breaching options. Pre-restoration monitoring was completed in 2009–2010, the old dike was breached in October 2010, and post-breach monitoring commenced thereafter. Measurements of water level, velocities, and discharge at one breach, compared very well to model predictions. Likewise, patterns of sediment deposition were as predicted, and sedimentation rates were as expected based on empirical studies done in the area. The bioengineering species saltwater cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) took 2 years to colonize the cells; it initially spread vegetatively and then by seeds. Plant cover became extensive in year 5 post-breach. Invertebrate and salt pool biological communities are lagging behind. Lessons learned include: (1) plan for future conditions and provide adequate accommodation space for development of a new marsh; (2) multi-level partnerships are critical to the success of such projects; (3) monitoring with a research focus ensures observation and quantification of unexpected phenomena; and (4) the design process used, including the hydrodynamic model, was successful and can be used again for similar situations.