Subterranean phylogeography of freshwater crayfishes shows extensive gene flow and surprisingly large population sizes
Subterranean phylogeography of freshwater crayfishes shows extensive gene flow and surprisingly large population sizes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02755.x
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Crandall, KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buhay, JE;Crandall, KA
地下动物目前被认为是高度危险的，在极端黑暗的环境中不稳定地避免灭绝。这一假设是基于这样一种假设：洞穴动物群中常见的视觉系统和形态的减少反映了一种遗传上的无法适应和坚持的能力，以及对栖息地有限、不连贯和脆弱的感知。因此，由于地表环境退化和地理分布有限，美国95%的洞穴动物被认为处于濒危状态。本研究利用广泛的地理采样和分子数据，对全球地下水生物多样性研究热点——美国东南部的stygobitic小龙虾进行了地下系统地理学研究。尽管处于濒危状态，但我们的研究结果表明，地下小龙虾物种在其种群规模大、喀斯特系统间基因流动广泛的进化历史中已经达到了中等到高度的遗传多样性。然后，我们将地下种群历史与常见的地表溪流小龙虾种群历史进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，最近水面小龙虾的遗传变异急剧下降，并表明这些物种也值得关注。
Subterranean animals are currently viewed as highly imperiled, precariously avoiding extinction in an extreme environment of darkness. This assumption is based on a hypothesis that the reduction in visual systems and morphology common in cave faunas reflects a genetic inability to adapt and persist coupled with the perception of a habitat that is limited, disconnected, and fragile. Accordingly, 95% of cave fauna in the United States are presumed endangered due to surface environmental degradation and limited geographic distributions. Our study explores the subterranean phylogeography of stygobitic crayfishes in the southeastern United States, a global hotspot of groundwater biodiversity, using extensive geographic sampling and molecular data. Despite their endangered status, our results show that subterranean crayfish species have attained moderate to high levels of genetic diversity over their evolutionary histories with large population sizes and extensive gene flow among karst systems. We then compare the subterranean population histories to those of common surface stream-dwelling crayfishes. Our results show recent drastic declines in genetic variability in the surface crayfish and suggest that these species also warrant conservation attention.