Liberalization and Industrial Transformation: Lessons from the Sri Lankan Experience
Liberalization and Industrial Transformation: Lessons from the Sri Lankan Experience
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自由化和产业转型：斯里兰卡的经验教训
DOI：
10.1086/452610
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
S. Rajapatirana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Athukorala;S. Rajapatirana
尽管经济学界越来越一致地认为，发展中国家的干预性进口替代工业化政策已经失灵，但对后来者推进工业化的适当方式却没有达成一致意见。新古典主义发展经济学传统中的主流政策主张认为，取消直接生产活动中的政府并转向市场力量是实现快速、强劲和公平增长的适当战略。然而，结构主义说服派(修正主义者)的经济学家认为，根据每个国家的情况制定激进主义和选择性的公共政策，同时避免不分青红皂白的国家干预，是后发国家应该如何实现工业化的。2表明这一立场的另一种方式是，贸易政策必须服从于所宣称的迅速工业化的目标，将基于中性贸易政策的资源分配与基于选择性干预的资源分配进行对比。本文旨在通过对斯里兰卡的个案研究，为这场辩论作出贡献。在1948年独立后的第一个十年里，斯里兰卡继续实行自由贸易制度，直到日益严重的国际收支问题导致政策从20世纪60年代初开始转向保护主义的进口替代政策。到1970年代中期，斯里兰卡经济已成为中央计划经济集团之外最内向型和最受监管的经济体之一。1977年，斯里兰卡为应对封闭经济时代的惨淡经济结果，启动了广泛的经济自由化进程，成为南亚区域第一个这样做的国家。De-©2000由芝加哥大学提供。版权所有。
Despite a growing consensus in the economic profession that interventionist import-substitution industrialization policies in developing countries have misfired, there is no agreement on the appropriate way for latecomers to industrialization to move forward. The mainstream policy advocacy in the neoclassical tradition of development economics sees the removal of government in direct production activities and the shift toward market forces as the appropriate strategy for achieving rapid, robust, and equitable growth. 1 The economists of the structuralist persuasion (the revisionists) argue, however, that having activist and selective public policies tailored to the circumstances of each individual country, while eschewing indiscriminate state intervention, is how the latecomers should industrialize. 2 Another way of stating this position is that trade policy must be subservient to the avowed aim of rapid industrialization, drawing a contrast between allocation of resources based on neutral trade policies and those based on selective interventions. This article aims to contribute to this debate using a case study of Sri Lanka. During the first decade after independence in 1948, Sri Lanka continued with a liberal trade regime until growing balance-of-payments problems induced a policy shift toward protectionist import-substitution policies starting in the early 1960s. By the mid-1970s, the Sri Lankan economy had become one of the most inward-oriented and regulated economies outside of the group of centrally planned economies. In 1977, Sri Lanka responded to the dismal economic outcome of the closedeconomy era by embarking on an extensive economic liberalization process, becoming the first country in the South Asian region to do so. De-© 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.